Lesson One
SPEECH PATTERNS
1. It is more like a stage village than one built of bricks and mortar.
It is more like an essay than a story.
This looks more like a pond than a lake. This seems more like silk than wool.
2. We roamed about sweet Sonning for an hour or so.
They walked about the town (in the forest, there) for an hour or so (for two hours or so).
He lived in the village (in Kiev, there) for a year or so.
3. George said that it would be a splendid opportunity to try a good, slap-up supper.
Ann will be here any minute. It will be a wonderful opportunity to speak to her.
We still had plenty of time and John said it was an excellent opportunity to have a bite.
4. I should never have thought that peeling potatoes was such an undertaking.
I should never have thought that translating an article was so difficult.
I should never have thought that writing a composition was as difficult as that.
5. The more we peeled, the more peel there seemed to be left on.
The more sentences he translated, the more of them there seemed to be left.
The more I listened, the more interested I became.
The longer he stayed there, the more (the less) he liked the place. The more you do today, the less will be left for tomorrow.
6. There was no potato left. There was half a pork pie left.
There is some paper (money) left. There is no bread left.
We still have some money left.
7. That won't do. You're wasting them.
That won't do.
You haven't tried hard enough.
That won't do. You're making a mess of the job.
I EXERCISES
Complete the following sentences using Speech Patterns:
1. This is more like a word for word translation than ... .
2. It is more like a fable than ... .
3. The fabric looks more like cotton than ....
4. Ann looks more like a schoolgirl than....
5. With this hairdo she looks more like a boy than ....
6. We walked round the village for ....
7. I stayed with my friends for....
8. I lived in the town for ....
9. I am not through with the book yet, I've read only 50 pages or ....
10. Since everyone is present I think it....
11. We are through with our work. Isn't it ...?
12. We've been looking for her house for more than an hour. I should ... .
13. There seems to be no end to dirty clothes. I should ... .
14. The more we listened to him, ... .
15. The more John looked at her,....
16. The more I think about her decision, ... .
17. The more indignant Andrew became
18. The longer we waited, ... .
19. Who'll go to the baker's? There is ... .
20. I'm going to the stationer's. There is ... .
21. Why go shopping? — We have ... .
22. We needn't hurry. There is ... .
23. Hurry up. We have ... .
24. Why not put the table near the window? — There seems to be ... .
25. Where will you put the bookcase? There seems to be no ....
II. Suggest a beginning matching up the end. Use Speech Patterns 4, 5 and 7:
1. ... that looking after a child was so tiresome.
2. ... might cost so much effort.
3. ... might turn out to be such a trying job.
4. ... the bigger wages he earned.
5. ... the less he knew what to do.
6. ... the more we liked the place.
7. ... You shouldn't be so careless.
8. ... You'll have to do everything all over again.
9. ... You treat the matter too lightly.
10 ... Your answer is wrong.
III. Respond to the following statements and questions using the Speech Patterns:
1. If only the weather were better!
2. In two days I'll finish my exams.
3. I shan't be through with my work before the weekend, I'm afraid.
4. How long will the job take?
5. We're going there on Friday.
6. She may come yet. Let's wait a bit.
7. He says it was your fault.
8. How long shall I stay there?
IV. Make up two sentences of your own on each pattern.
V. Translate into English using the Speech Patterns:
A. Весной, на обратном пути в Москву, мы случайно проезжали мимо небольшого городка.
Он был скорее похож на большую деревню, чем на город, все дома в нем утопали в цветах, и он показался нам таким красивым, что мы не смогли не остановиться там.
Я никогда бы не подумала, что прогулка по маленькому провинциальному городку может доставить такое наслаждение.
Мы ходили по городу около трех часов, и чем больше мы смотрели на этот сказочный уголок, тем больше восхищались им.
Но у нас осталось мало времени, и нам пришлось спешить в Москву.
B. В прошлом году нам с женой пришлось пойти в отпуск зимой.
Мы решили, что это удобный случай, чтобы собственными силами отремонтировать квартиру.
После двух дней работы наша квартира больше походила на склад поломанной мебели, чем на квартиру.
«Это никуда не годится, — сказала жена.
— Давай лучше пригласим маляров» (to have smth. done).
VI. Make up situations in dialogue form using the speech patterns (to be done in pairs).
TEXT ONE THREE MEN IN A BOAT
By Jerome K.Jerome
Jerome K.Jerome (1859—1927) is a well-known English writer, whose novels Three Men in a Boat, The Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow, Novel Notes and Three Men on the Bummel have enjoyed great popularity. Jerome K. Jerome is famous for his art of story-telling, his vivid style and his humour which is generally expressed in-laughter-provoking situations often based on misunderstanding. With sparkling humour he criticized the weak sides of human nature.
Chapter XIV
We got out at Sonning, and went for a walk round the village (мы вышли\причалили в Соннинге и пошли прогуляться по деревне). It is the most fairy-like little nook on the whole river (это самый волшебный маленький уголок на всей реке; fair — волшебный, сказочный). It is more like a stage village than one built of bricks and mortar (она больше похожа на деревню-декорацию, чем на деревню, построенную из кирпичей и извести; stage — театральные подмостки, сцена; арена; to build; mortar — известковый раствор; строительный раствор). Every house is smothered in roses, and now, in early June (каждый дом утопает в розах, и теперь, в начале июня; to smother — душить; покрывать, окутывать; to smother in — густо покрывать, заваливать), they were bursting forth in clouds of dainty splendour (они цвели в облаках изысканной пышности = были в полном цвету; to burst forth — внезапно возникать, прорываться, вырываться; расцветать; splendour — блеск, великолепие, пышность). If you stop at Sonning, put up at the "Bull," behind the church (если остановитесь = будете в Соннинге, остановитесь в /гостинице/ «Бык», за церковью). It is a veritable picture of an old country inn (это настоящая картина, образ старой провинциальной гостиницы = она представляет собой настоящую старую провинциальную гостиницу), with green, square courtyard in front, where, on seats beneath the trees (с зеленым квадратным двориком спереди, где на лавочках под деревьями; seat — место для сидения, сиденье, стул), the old men group of an evening to drink their ale and gossip over village politics (старики собираются вечером, чтобы пить эль и сплетничать о деревенских делах; politics — политика, политическая жизнь); with low, quaint rooms and latticed windows, and awkward stairs and winding passages (с низкими, старинными комнатами, решетчатыми окнами, неудобными лестницами и извилистыми коридорами).
island [ˈaɪlǝnd] veritable [ˈverɪtǝbl] bull [bul] politics [ˈpɔlɪtɪks] awkward [ˈɔ:kwǝd]
We roamed about sweet Sonning for an hour or so (мы побродили по милому Соннингу час или около того), and then, it being too late to push on past Reading (а потом, поскольку было слишком поздно, чтобы миновать Рэдинг; to push on — спешить; ускорять), we decided to go back to one of the Shiplake islands, and put up there for the night (мы решили вернуться к одному из Шиплейкских островов и остановиться там на ночь). It was still early when we got settled, and George said that, as we had plenty of time (было еще рано, когда мы устроились, и Джордж сказал, что, так как у нас много времени), it would be a splendid opportunity to try a good, slap-up supper (/нам/ представится великолепная возможность устроить обильный, шикарный ужин; to try — пытаться, стараться; пробовать, отведывать; slap-up — роскошный, шикарный, первоклассный; парадный). He said he would show us what could be done up the river in the way of cooking (он сказал, что покажет нам, что можно сделать на реке в смысле стряпни), and suggested that, with the vegetables and the remains of the cold beef (и предложил из овощей, остатков холодной говядины) and general odds and ends, we should make an Irish stew (и различных обрезков приготовить ирландское рагу; general — общий, главный; повсеместный; odds and ends — остатки, обрезки; обрывки; хлам, всякая всячина; Irish stew — тушеная баранина с луком, картофелем и густой подливкой).
It seemed a fascinating idea (это казалось прекрасной мыслью; fascinating — обворожительный, пленительный; захватывающий). George gathered wood and made a fire, and Harris and I started to peel the potatoes (Джордж собрал дров и развел костер, а мы с Гаррисом начали чистить картофель; to peel — снимать корку, кожицу, шелуху; очищать). I should never have thought that peeling potatoes was such an undertaking (никогда не думал, что чистка картофеля — такое /сложное/ занятие; undertaking — предприятие; дело, начинание). The job turned out to be the biggest thing of its kind that I had ever been in (это оказалось труднейшим делом /такого рода/, в каком я когда-либо принимал участие; big — большой; важный, значительный). We began cheerfully, one might almost say skittishly (мы начали весело, можно /почти/ сказать, легкомысленно/игриво), but our light-heartedness was gone by the time the first potato was finished (но наша беззаботность пропала к тому времени, когда первая картофелина была закончена = очищена). The more we peeled, the more peel there seemed to be left on (чем больше мы чистили, тем больше кожицы, казалось, оставалось на ней); by the time we had got all the peel off and all the eyes out, there was no potato left (к тому времени, как мы сняли всю кожицу и вырезали все глазки, /совсем/ не осталось картофелины) — at least none worth speaking of (по крайней мере, ничего, о чем стоит говорит; worth — стоящий; достойный, заслуживающий). George came and had a look at it — it was about the size of a pea-nut (Джордж подошел и посмотрел на нее — она была размером примерно с арахис; pea-nut — арахис, земляной орех; pea — горох, горошина; nut — орех). He said: "Oh, that won't do (так дело не пойдет)! You're wasting them (вы /только/ зря расходуете их). You must scrape them (вы должны скоблить их; to scrape — скоблить, скрести, обдирать)." gathered [ˈɡæðǝd] potato [pǝˈteɪtǝu]
So we scraped them, and that was harder work than peeling (и мы /принялись/ скоблить их, и это было более трудным занятием, чем чистка). They are such an extraordinary shape, potatoes — all bumps and warts and hollows (они такой удивительной формы, /эти/ картофелины — одни бугры, наросты и впадины; bump — шишка, выпуклость, вздутие). We worked steadily for five-and-twenty minutes, and did four potatoes (мы трудились непрерывно двадцать пять минут — и очистили четыре картофелины). Then we struck (потом мы забастовали; to strike — ударять/ся/, поражать; бастовать). We said we should require the rest of the evening for scraping ourselves (мы сказали, что нам потребуется остаток вечера, чтобы очиститься самим; to require — приказывать; требовать, нуждаться в чем-либо).
I never saw such a thing as potato-scraping for making a fellow in a mess (никогда не видел, чтобы что-нибудь так пачкало человека, как чистка картофеля; in a mess — в беспорядке, вверх дном; в грязи). It seemed difficult to believe that the potato-scrapings in which Harris and I stood, half smothered, could have come off four potatoes (было трудно поверить, что картофельные очистки, в которых мы с Гаррисом стояли, покрытые наполовину, получились с четырех картофелин; to come off — покидать; отрываться, отклеиваться, отваливаться от чего-либо; отделяться). It shows you what can be done with economy and care (это показывает, что можно достичь экономией и аккуратностью; care — забота; внимание, тщательность, осторожность).
George said it was absurd to have only four potatoes in an Irish stew (Джордж сказал, нелепо класть только четыре картофелины в ирландское рагу), so we washed half-a-dozen or so more, and put them in without peeling (поэтому мы вымыли еще полдюжины или около того — и положили их /в котел/ без чистки = неочищенными). We also put in a cabbage and about half a peck of peas (мы также положили капусту и где-то десять фунтов гороха; peck — пек /мера вместимости сыпучих тел = 2 галлонам = 9,09 л/). George stirred it all up, and then he said that there seemed to be a lot of room to spare, so we overhauled both the hampers (Джордж все перемешал и затем сказал, что есть еще много свободного места, и потому мы тщательно осмотрели обе корзины; to stir up — хорошенько размешивать, взбалтывать), and picked out all the odds and ends and the remnants, and added them to the stew (выбрали все остатки и добавили их в рагу). There were half a pork pie and a bit of cold boiled bacon left, and we put them in (там были половина пирога со свининой и кусок оставшейся холодной вареной грудинки, и мы положили их в /котел/). Then George found half a tin of potted salmon, and he emptied that into the pot (потом Джордж обнаружил полбанки консервированного лосося и опорожнил ее в котел).
economy [ɪˈkɔnǝmɪ] overhauled [,ǝuvǝˈhɔ:ld] remnant [ˈremnǝnt]
He said that was the advantage of Irish stew (он сказал, это достоинство ирландского рагу): you got rid of such a lot of things (вы избавляетесь от массы вещей; to get rid of). I fished out a couple of eggs that had got cracked, and put those in (я выудил пару яиц, которые разбились, и положил их в котел). George said they would thicken the gravy (Джордж сказал, они сделают подливку гуще).
I forget the other ingredients, but I know nothing was wasted (я забыл другие ингредиенты, но знаю, что ничего не было потрачено впустую); and I remember that, towards the end, Montmorency, who had evinced great interest in the proceedings throughout (помню, что под конец Монморенси, который проявлял огромный интерес ко всему процессу; throughout — на всем протяжении, все время; во всех отношениях), strolled away with an earnest and thoughtful air (ушел с серьезным и задумчивым видом), reappearing, a few minutes afterwards, with a dead water-rat in his mouth (появившись снова через несколько минут, /неся/ дохлую водяную крысу во рту = в зубах), which he evidently wished to present as his contribution to the dinner (которую он, очевидно, хотел преподнести как свой вклад в обед; to present — преподносить, дарить; contribution — вклад, взнос, пожертвование); whether in a sarcastic spirit, or with a genuine desire to assist, I cannot say (/делал ли он это/ в саркастическом настроении или с искренним желанием помочь — не могу сказать).
ingredient [ɪnˈɡri:dɪǝnt] evinced [ɪˈvɪnst] genuine [ˈʤenjuɪn]
We had a discussion as to whether the rat should go in or not (у нас возник спор, стоит ли класть крысу или нет; discussion — дискуссия, дебаты, прения). Harris said that he thought it would be all right (сказал, полагает, будет нормально), mixed up with the other things, and that every little helped (если смешать ее с остальными компонентами, и что каждая мелочь пригодится); but George stood up for precedent (но Джордж настаивал на прецеденте = указывал на отсутствие прецедента; to stand up for — защищать, отстаивать). He said he had never heard of water-rats in Irish stew (сказал, что никогда не слышал о том, чтобы водяных крыс /клали/ в ирландское рагу), and he would rather be on the safe side, and not try experiments (и предпочел бы лучше не проводить опытов; to be on the safe side — на всякий случай, для большей надежности: «быть на безопасной стороне»).
Harris said: "If you never try a new thing, how can you tell what it's like (если никогда не пробуешь ничего нового, как /сможешь/ узнать, что это такое)? It's men such as you that hamper the world's progress (такие люди, как ты, препятствуют мировому прогрессу). Think of the man who first tried German sausage (подумай/вспомни о человеке, который первым попробовал немецкие сосиски)
"It was a great success, that Irish stew (оно было большим успехом = имело большой успех, это ирландское рагу). I don't think I ever enjoyed a meal more (не думаю, что я когда-либо больше наслаждался пищей /чем теперь/). There was something so fresh and piquant about it (в нем было что-то такое свежее и острое; piquant — пикантный, острый). One's palate gets so tired of the old hackneyed things (язык так устал от старых банальных ощущений; palate — небо /верхняя стенка ротовой полости/; вкус, склонность): here was a dish with a new flavour, with a taste like nothing else on earth (а тут было блюдо с новым ароматом, со вкусом, как ни у чего другого на земле).
precedent [ˈpresɪd(ǝ)nt] piquant [ˈpi:kǝnt] hackneyed [ˈhæknɪd]
And it was nourishing, too (и оно было сытно к тому же). As George said, there was good stuff in it (как сказал Джордж, в нем хороший наполнитель; stuff — материя; материал, вещество; набивка, наполнитель; продукты). The peas and potatoes might have been a bit softer (горох и картофель могли бы быть немного мягче), but we all had good teeth, so that did not matter much (но у нас у всех были хорошие зубы, так что это не имело большого значения): and as for the gravy, it was a poem (а что касается подливки, то она была /настоящей/ поэмой) — a little too rich, perhaps, for a weak stomach, but nutritious (несколько слишком густой для слабого желудка, но /зато/ питательной).
nourishing [ˈnʌrɪʃɪŋ]
EXPLANATORY NOTES
1. Sonning ['sDnirj]: a picturesque village on the bank of the Thames.
2. latticed window: a window with small panes set in.
3. Reading ['redirj]: a town on the river Thames, Berkshire, South England. It is an important town for engineering, transport "and scientific research. It is also important for its cattle and come markets. It is proud of its university which specializes in agriculture.
4. Irish stew: a thick stew of mutton, onion and potatoes.
5. peck: a measure for dry goods equal to two gallons. Half a peck is equal approximately to four litres.
6. German sausage: a large kind of sausage with spiced, partly cooked meat.
ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY
Vocabulary Notes
1. gossip n 1) (uncount.) idle talk, often ill-natured, about persons or events, also what appears in newspapers about people well-known in society, as the gossip column, a gossip writer, e. g. Don't believe all the gossip you hear.
2) (count.) a person who is fond of talking about other people's affairs, as the town gossips.
gossip vi (over smth.) to talk about the affairs of others, to spread rumours, e. g. Aren't you ashamed of gossiping over his affairs?
2. wind [waind] (wound [waund] vt/i 1) to turn round and round: to wind the handle;
2) to make into a ball or twisted round shape, as to wind wool;
3) to follow a direction in a twisting shape, e. g. The path winds through the wood.
4) to tighten the working parts by turning, as to wind a clock;
5) to bring or come to an end, e. g. It's time he could wind up (his speech), to wind someone round one's little finger to make someone do what one wants.
3. peel vt/i 1) to take off the skin, as to peel oranges (apples, potatoes, bananas, etc.); 2) to come off in thin layer or strips, e. g. The skin peels off the nose or face when a person gets sunburnt. The wallpaper is peeling (off).
peel л the outer skin of fruit or vegetables, as orange peel, potato peel; candied peel the peel of oranges, lemons, etc., preserved and coated with sugar.
4. scrape vt/i 1) to remove (material) from a surface by pulling or pushing an edge firmly across it repeatedly, e. д. I scraped the skin off the vegetables.
2) to clean or make (a surface) smooth i(n this way, e. g. She scraped the door (down) before painting it again. He scraped his boots clean before coming in the house.
3) to rub roughly (esp. on, against): a chair scraping on the floor, e. g. He scraped his chair against the wall.
4) to hurt or damage in this way, e. g. He scraped his knee when he fell.
5) to succeed in a class by doing work of the lowest acceptable quality, e. g. She just scraped through the examination, to scrape a living to get just enough food or money to stay alive; to scrape up also to scrape together to gather (a total, esp. of money) with difficulty by putting small amounts together.
5. steady adj 1) firmly fixed, not likely to fall, as a steady foundation, to make a chair or table steady, with a steady hand, e. g. The chair is steady enough, syn. firm, as firm ground, foundation, steps, muscles;
2) regular in life, work, etc.; industrious, as a steady person;
3) constant, as a steady wind (rain, growth, increase), steady progress.
steadily adv in a steady manner, e. g. It has been raining steadily since the morning.
steady vt/i to make or become steady, e. g. With an effort he steadied the boat. The boat soon steadied again.
6. mess n (rarely pi.) ь state of confusion, dirt or disorder; to be in a mess, e. g. The room was in a mess, to make a mess of smth. to do it badly, e. g. You've made a mess of the job. to get into a mess - to get into trouble or into a dirty state, e. g. You'll get into a mess if you are not more careful.
7. crack vt/i 1) to break or cause to break, in such a way, however, that the pieces remain together, e. g. A vase may crack if washed in boiling water. You've cracked the window.
2) to make or cause a thing to make a loud noise, as to crack a whip, e. g. His rifle cracked and the deer fell dead, to crack a joke (si.) to make a somewhat rough joke, e. g. There is no one like him to crack jokes.
crack n an incomplete break; a sharp noise, as a wide (small, loud, sudden) crack, e. g. The walls are covered with cracks. I heard a crack as if of a branch.
8. contribute vt/i 1) to give money, supply help, etc. to a common cause, e. g. The development of friendly ties with other countries contributes to mutual understanding of their peoples. Good health contributes to a person's success in work.
2) to write articles or other material for newspapers, magazines, etc., as to contribute articles to a wall-newspaper, to contribute a poem to a magazine.
contribution n the act of contributing; that which is contributed, e. g. Montmorency brought a dead water-rat as his contribution to the dinner.
9. spirit n 1) moral condition, tendency, as the spirit of the army, the spirit of the times (age), the spirit of the law, to take smth. in the right (wrong) spirit, to show a proper spirit, e. g. That's the right spirit! He found himself in conflict with the spirit of the time.
2) energy, courage, liveliness, e. g. Put a little more spirit into your work. He spoke with spirit.
3) pi. mood, as to be in high (low) spirits, e. g. His spirits rose (fell or sank), to raise smb.'s spirits; out of spirits depressed, unhappy, e. g. You seem to be out of spirits today.
10. taste n 1) flavour; quality of any substance as perceived by the taste organs, e. g. The doctor prescribed her some pills with a bitter taste.
I don't care for this bread, it has a very bitter taste. I dislike the taste of olives.
2) liking, e. g. You may choose any flowers to your taste here. There is no accounting for tastes. Tastes differ.
3) ability to form judgements in questions of beauty and manners, e. g. The room was furnished in good taste. They say she dresses in poor taste. I was ashamed of you, your jokes were in very bad taste.
taste vt/i 1) to try by eating or drinking; to recognize after taking into the mouth, e. g. There we found some strange meals and made up our minds to taste them all. Can you distinguish types of apples by tasting them? I have a bad cold and cannot taste anything.
2) to have a particular flavour, e. g. This orange tastes bitter.
3) to experience, e. g. There she tasted the joys of privacy.
tasteful adj showing good taste, as a tasteful person, work of art.
tasteless adj 1) having no taste;
2) having or showing poor taste. Usage: When tasteless is used of food it means "having no taste". When it is used of people, furniture, ornaments, etc., it means "having or showing bad taste", e. g. The potatoes were tasteless without salt.
in early June to put up at some place to roam the woods (through the woods, about a place) to get settled odds and ends to be the size of smth. the rest of the evening
half a dozen, half a peck of peas,
half a pork pie, half a tin of
salmon to stir smth. up to add smth. to smth. to empty smth. into a pot to thicken the gravy with an earnest and thoughtful air to be on the safe side
|
in early June to put up at some place to roam the woods (through the woods, about a place) to get settled odds and ends to be the size of smth. the rest of the evening half a peck of peas, half a pork pie, half a tin of salmon to stir smth. up to add smth. to smth. to empty smth. into a pot to thicken the gravy with an earnest and thougtful air
to be on the safe side |
в начале июня (по лесу, о месте) остатки трапезы, объедки половины пачки гороха, полбанки лосося |
READING COMPREHENSION EXERCISES
2. Put fifteen questions to the text.
3. Note down the sentences from the text which contain the word combinations and phrases. Translate them into Russian.
4. Paraphrase the following sentences using the word combinations and phrases (p. 14).
1. At the beginning of May the village is really fairy-like with all its houses smothered in roses.
2. I'd like to stay in this small inn for a week or so.
3. The whole day we wandered over the country-side and in the evening we had a nice rest.
4. It turned out to be quite late when at last we made ourselves comfortable.
5. I never saw such a thing as a stew for getting rid of all remnants of food.
6. Choose the books you need and take the others to the library, please.
7. This is a rare edition: the book is as small as a match-box, but the print is very clear.
8. We have half a tin of potted pork left, let's put it into the stew.
9. Put some more oatmeal in the porridge and mix it thoroughly with a spoon.
10. He may have forgotten about our arrangement, let's call him up to make sure.
5. Translate the following sentences into English using the word combinations and phrases:
1. Мне бы очень хотелось поехать на юг в начале июня, когда все утопает в цветах, и побродить по горам.
1. I'd like to go to the South in early June when everything is smothered in flowers and (to) roam about the hills.
2. Мы решили, что в Санкт-Петербурге остановимся в гостинице и проведем там около недели.
2. We've decided that we'll put up at a hotel in St.Petersburg and (will) spend there about a week.
3. Мы быстро устроились, и оказалось, что до вечера у нас еще много времени.
3. We got settled quickly and it turned out that we had plenty of time till evening.
4. Когда мы наконец устроились, мы так устали, что никто из нас не захотел никуда идти.
4. When we finally got settled we got so tired that none of us wanted to go anywhere.
5. Вряд ли эти обрезки бумаги на что-нибудь годятся.
5. These paper remains will hardly do for anything.
6. Никогда бы не подумала, что из этих остатков материала можно сшить платье.
6. I'd never have thought that one can make a dress of these remains of cloth.
7. Моя комната такого же размера, что и ваша, но она почему-то выглядит меньше.
7. My room is the size of yours, but somehow, it seems smaller.
8. Я прочла только половину статьи, но мне кажется, что она имеет мало отношения к интересующему вас предмету.
8. I've read only half (of) the article but it seems to have little to do with the subject you're interested in.
9. Поезд придет только через полчаса, давайте побродим по городу.
9. The train arrives only within half an hour, let's roam about the town.
10. Элен перемешала салат, попробовала его и решила добавить еще соленых огурцов.
10. Elen stired up the salad , tasted it and decided to add more pickled cucumbers.
11. Это хорошие мясные консервы. Положите полбанки в рагу.
11. This tinned meat is good. Empty half a tin into the stew.
12. Добавьте немного муки в соус, чтобы он стал погуще.
12. Add some flour to the gravy to thicken it.
13. Он шутит с таким серьезным видом, что невозможно не рассмеяться.
13. He jokes with so serious air that one can't help laughing.
14. На всякий случай нам лучше не касаться этого вопроса сегодня.
14. To be on the safe side we'd better not touch on this question today.
Make up and practise a short situation using the word combinations and phrases of Ex. 3. Make up and act out a dialogue using the word combinations (p. 14).
Find in Text One equivalents for the following words and phrases and use them in sentences of your own:
to wander about a place;
for about an hour;
to stay somewhere for the night;
to have a lot of time;
an excellent chance;
an attractive plan;
to build up a fire;
a difficult task;
to prove to be;
to be as small as smth.;
without stopping;
ridiculous;
to examine thoroughly;
to pull out; to make the gravy thicker;
not to risk; trivial things;
not to be important
Note down from the text equivalents for the following words and phrases. Make up sentences using the phrases:
сказочный уголок;
утопать в розах;
настоящая сельская гостиница;
сельские новости;
причудливые комнаты;
решетчатые окна;
шикарный ужин;
по части стряпни;
собирать хворост;
беззаботность
Explain what is meant by the following phrases and sentences:
1. to gossip over village politics.
2. to try a good slap-up supper.
3. Our light-heartedness was gone.
4. Then we struck.
5. We should require the rest of the evening for scraping ourselves.
6. We overhauled both the hampers.
7. All the odds and ends and the remnants.
8. Every little helped.
9. George stood for precedent.
10. He would rather be on the safe side and not try experiments.
11. Answer the following questions and do the given tasks:
1. What do you know of Jerome K. Jerome and his place in English literature? 2. What does the passage under study present? (Is it a piece of narration, a description, a portrayal or an account of events?) 3. In what key is the first part written? (Is it lyrical, dramatic, humorous or unemotional?) 4. How does the author achieve the humorous effect in the second part? (Is it the humour of the situation or the humour of words?) 5. Find in the passage sentences containing irony, exaggeration and contrast and comment on them. 6. In what key is the second part written? 7. What can you say of J.K.Jerome's manner of writing? Summarize your observations.
12. Retell Text One: a) close to the text; b) in indirect speech; c) as if you were Harris or George.
13. Give a summary of Text One.
14. Make up and act out a dialogue between George and Harris cooking the stew.
VOCABULARY EXERCISES
1. Study the Vocabulary Notes and translate the illustrative examples into Russian.
2. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the words and word combinations in bold type:
1. Of an evening Barbara would have a good gossip with the neighbour over the garden fence. 2. Gossiping and lying go hand in hand. (proverb) 3. “I decided to have her up here, for a time at least, and let the gossips do their worst," said Beatrice. 4. "Who's talking gossip now?" said cousin Rachel. 5. While playing under her mother's eye, she felt a wind-up toy. 6. It was becoming stuffy in the compartment of the train. I wound the window down and got my pipe out. 7.1 braided her hair and wound it round her head. 8. If one only could peel her, as one peels an onion, of pretence and insincerity. 9. I saw him with great clarity, from the pleased smile to the peel of sunburn on the top of his bald head. 10. Carefully she broke all the twigs from the branch, so that it became an almost straight stick, and as she walked, she peeled the bark from the wood until it was stripped clean. 11. Scrape your muddy shoes with this old knife. 12. "Hi!1' cried Nick, scraping some snow from the sledge and flinging a snowball which hit George full in the ear.
13. All the trivial sounds of the room re-echoed maddeningly about him— the scraping of chairs, the coughing. 14. You've got to scrape up some courage, some daring. 15. The lane was so narrow that a donkey with panniers could hardly have scrapped its way through. 16. It was so slippery that if he had not steadied me,I should have fallen. 17. The fog came steadily over us in waves and it was extremely difficult to see where one was on the road.18. She looked at me again with that peculiar steady gaze. 19. She heard the steady beat of her heart: "Get up! Go out! Do something!" 20. These eyes, when he raised them, were extraordinarily steady and inquiring. 21. Tom was charming and unscrupulous.
He made a steady income from his friends and he made friends easily.
В. 1. He felt that he was beginning to clear up the mess into which his life had fallen. 2. I’ve never seen so much mess and disorder anywhere. 3. It's true that I had a country walk on Thursday and came home in a dreadful mess. 4. "1 saw my father today.
I hoped he'd give me a last chance and haul me out of the mess for the time being," said Ben. 5. The driver cracked his whip, and the horses raced off. 6. She raised the window a crack and laid the cold towel on Dottie’s forehead. 7. A draught through the cracks in the window-frame stirred the curtains. 8. They had laughed and cracked jokes with John. 9. Bert studied him for several minutes through the crack in the door and then went out into the yard.The tree cracked loudly and fell. Everything was still again.The excellent conditions provided for the experiment contributed greatly to its success. 12. Her honesty contributed to the general regard for her good sense. 13. His melancholy was comparable with Bracey's, no doubt contributing to their mutual understanding. 14. The bombing succeeded in neither suppressing the fighting spirit nor in deranging the economic life of the country. 15. Evidently his dreamy fancies had not interfered with either his spirits or his appetite. 16. The child was healthy and high-spirited, and it was impossible to keep her quiet. 17. He filled the glass with water and sipped at it cautiously: the taste was terrible. 18. Nobody could deny she had taste, though sometimes a little bizarre. '19. I can apologize again for my ill taste in what I said. 20. Bill wondered whether he would ever taste fresh oranges again. 21. If you don't scrape the dust away, everything you eat will taste of it. 22. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 23. Her fine figure and tasteful clothes always attracted attention. 24. She sipped at the tea, tasteless, unrefreshing.
3. Paraphrase the following sentences using your active vocabulary:
A. 1. The Browns were glad to drop in of an evening for a cocktail and a chat. 2. He chuckled at the thought of how successfully they had deceived the people who were fond of spreading rumours in the small colony. 3. Ann made Tom do whatever she wished him to do. 4. It’s time he ended his speech. 5. She hates taking the skin off potatoes. 6. Put the towel round your shoulders or you'll burn and your skin will come off. 7. The silly boy is always getting into trouble. 8. Clean the soles of your shoes thoroughly before you go into the cottage. 9. It took the boys much time and effort to collect the money they needed. 10. He is a young man who is regular in his life and work. He turned out to be an industrious worker. 12. He was not bad-looking and had a good regular job. 13. The table was shaky, as one of its legs was broken. 14. The rain is pouring constantly down all the time
B. 1. After he had finished packing, the room was in a state of disorder. 2. But for your carelessness you would not have got into trouble. 3. But even he must have known that he had done the job badly. 4. There is a slight break in the vase. 5. He's fond of making jokes. 6. Poor as they were the workers were ready to give money to their common cause. 7. He regularly writes poems for our newspaper. 8. He came to lunch in a particularly jolly mood. 9. He did the job with such energy that he accomplished a shining success.
10. After supper everyone was in a better mood. 11. When he is ill, he does not touch food for days. 12. The soup has a flavour of onions. 13. It is impossible to explain why different people like different things. 14. What do you know of his likings or dislikings? 15. After our quarrel even my favourite dish seemed unsavoury.
4. Explain or comment on the following sentences:
A. 1. Charles had planned to see Arthur Brown in Hall and on the side pick up such gossip as was going. 2. You meet other boats there and river gossip is exchanged. 3. He had mentioned that George was attracting some gossip. 4. He gave people pieces of gossip in the same way that he gave them drinks. 5. Bess was an incurable gossip. 6. Bant marvelled how gossip travelled. 7. At last the town gossips left her alone. 8. Next day, while he was at his office winding up its last tattered affairs, I telephoned Mrs. Skelton.
9. Don't you see that she can wind anyone round her little finger?
10. Bits of the wall peeling, a banister leg was loose. 11. The wallpaper peeled off in long, broad ribbons. 12. Sitting down and peeling off her gloves, Jane took a mirror out of her bag and looked at herself. 13. It was quite an undertaking to scrape all the rust off.
14. The lazy boy was lucky to scrape through the exams. 15. John had scraped together enough money for his first year at college.
16. I ran the risk of getting into some scrapes. 17. “If you don't take care, your friend will get you into a serious scrape, some day,” said Carrie. 18. My father and I scraped together the change in our pockets and found enough for breakfast at a diner. 19. Steady! There is a broken step here. 20. He was a steady visitor at their home. 21 He said unsteadily: "I understand, Mrs. Evans." 22. Caroline repeated the ejaculation not in so steady a tone. 23. The snow was falling steadily out of a tawny sky. 24. He clutched at her to steady himself. 25. He is a steady fighter for peace. 26. "No," said Mary steadily, "he never comes here." 27. He moved forward unsteadily in the darkness. 28. I'm a bit of a philanderer, my dear, you need a steadier chap. 29. He's got a character and steady employment, and he's no fool. 30. "I ain't going," was his steady answer to all her threats and requests. 31. He lost weight steadily.*
В. 1. You've made a mess of the job. I wish you had refused to do it. 2. Why did you leave the table in such an awful mess? 3. Nothing to do, but sweep up the mess — and such nice eggs. 4. "Now we've got to clear up this mess," he said. "All I hope is that it doesn't take too long." 5. I thought of the mess he was bound to make of it. 6. This word is a crack-jaw for foreigners. 7. He is a hard nut to crack. 8. He is fond of cracking jokes, but they are not to my taste. 9. A cracked bell can never sound well. (proverb) 10. All is lost that is poured into a cracked dish. 11. His contributions to science are invaluable. 12. Mr. WTinfield listened and soon understood that he was expected to contribute to the conversation.
13. M.Sholokhov contributed most generously and with great skill to world literature. 14. My own earliest boating recollection is of five of us contributing three-pence and taking a boat on the lake.
15. This is not the right spirit to begin some new work in. 16. We found him alone, spent and spiritless. 17. His spirits rose when the door swung open and he saw Saundra on the threshold. 18. Despite all her troubles she too seemed caught up in the spirit of the occasion. 19. Can you taste any pepper in this soup? 20. I don't know that I ever tasted pumpkin pie as good as hers. 21. His tastes did not seem to have changed. 22. The house was handsome, he con-ceded, but it wasn't to his taste. 23. "Your taste in brandy, Doctor, is much better than your taste in music," said Chris. 24. After that, having acquired a taste for the water, I did a good deal of rafting.
Choose the right word:
peel — scrape
1. New potatoes are nice to the taste, but I hate ... them. 2. I've boiled potatoes in their jackets, will you ... them?
steady — firm
1. The chair was not ... because one of its legs was broken.
2. The oak-tree stood ... in the earth. 3. Mr. Convoy was a ... customer at the bookshop. 4. His decision was ....
crack — break
1. The cup ..., but the pieces still held together. 2. The ice ... and then ... under his feet. 3. Brittle things ... easily.
taste — flavour
1. The peach has a peculiarly fine ... . 2. The fruit looked tempting, but it turned out to have an unpleasant ... . 3. I like the lemon ... of the sweets.
6. Give English equivalents for the following phrases:
заниматься сплетнями; заводить часы; сматывать шерсть в клубок; задеть локтем за что-л.; работать без передышки; внести вклад во что-л.; дух времени; работать с огоньком; быть горьким на вкус; обвести кого-л. вокруг пальца; попасть в беду; быть замешанным в каком-л. деле; о вкусах не спорят; в хорошем вкусе
7. Translate the following sentences into English:
A. 1. На всякий случай не рассказывайте об этих делах. 2. «По-моему, в нашем доме мало сплетниц, нам повезло», — сказала Энн.
3. «Никогда бы не подумала, что Джейн будет распространять сплетни», — сказала Кейт. — «А ты не слушай», — ответила Дотти. 4. Давайте поднимемся по этой винтовой лестнице наверх башни. 5. Что ты делаешь? Это никуда не годится. Разве так разматывают шерсть?
6. Никто не умел так обвести человека вокруг пальца, как маленькая Полли. 7. Положите все эти мелочи в пакет и обвяжите его несколько раз веревкой. 8. Не отдирайте кору с березы, вы повредите дерево.
9. Зря вы так долго лежите на солнце, у вас будет лупиться кожа, да и вообще это принесет вам больше вреда, чем пользы. 10. Зачем вы чистите картошку? Для салата картофель лучше варить нечищенным.
11. Кейт иногда удавалось найти временную работу, но на еду опять ничего не оставалось. 12. Что-то пристало у меня к подошве, никак не могу отскрести, должно быть, это деготь. 13. Осторожно! Не заденьте рукой за гвоздь. 14. Не скребите, пожалуйста, вилкой по тарелке, я не выношу этого звука. 15. Он едва-едва сдал экзамены, но, по-моему, он понял, что нельзя терять столько времени попусту. 16. Это вполне приличный дом отдыха, но нам очень не повезло с погодой: с утра до вечера, не переставая, шел дождь, 17. В эту минуту я не могла не восхититься ее самообладанием. Твердой рукой она вдела нитку в иголку и продолжала шить, как будто ничего не произошло. 18. Он казался вполне уравновешенным молодым человеком. 19. Давайте подложим что-нибудь под ножку стола, чтобы он не качался.
В. 1. В комнате Джона был ужасный беспорядок, но когда сестра воспользовалась его отсутствием и прибрала там немного, он очень рассердился и сказал, что теперь он не может ничего там найти. 2. Вы опять испортили всю работу. Неужели вам не стыдно так безразлично ко всему относиться? 3. Она спутала все мои планы, заставив меня прождать ее четыре часа. 4. Мы услышали, как треснула ветка, кто-то подходил к нам. 5. Как ты небрежна! Треснула мамина любимая ваза, разве можно было мыть ее кипятком? 6. Сейчас уже небезопасно переходить реку: во льду образовались трещины. 7. Краска на подоконнике потрескалась, придется соскоблить ее, прежде чем красить его заново. 8. Регулярная тренировка способствовала его успеху на соревнованиях. 9. Он отказался дать стихи в нашу стенгазету, а теперь уже нет времени просить кого-нибудь другого сделать это. 10. Американский художник Рокуэлл Кент пополнил коллекцию картин музея имени А.С.Пушкина своими произведениями. 11. Он говорил с таким жаром, что никто не остался равнодушным. 12. Как только вы расскажете ему об этом, у него сразу же исправится настроение. 13. Вы правильно отнеслись к критике, другого я от вас и не ожидала. 14. Я помню, что где-то еще осталось полбутылки клубничного сока. По вкусу его ни с чем на свете не сравнить. 15. Этот незнакомый нам фрукт сначала показался всем неприятным на вкус, но потом мы привыкли утолять им жажду. 16. Мы все знали ее как женщину с тонким вкусом. 17. Я не люблю вкус моркови. Не кладите ее пожалуйста, в салат. 18. В этом магазине такой выбор товаров, что вы, безусловно, найдете себе что-нибудь по вкусу. 19. Он любит пошутить, но многие его шутки дурного вкуса. 20. Какая досада! Огурцы горчат.
8. Review the Essential Vocabulary and answer the following questions using it:
1. What do you call ill-natured idle talk? 2. What do you call the outer skin of fruit and vegetables? 3. What do you call giving money to a common cause? 4. What do you call the sense peculiar to the tongue? 5. What do you call a person who is fond of talking about other people's affairs? 6. What do you call a person who is regular in life and industrious? 7. What would you say of a person who manages to make others do whatever he likes? 8. What would you say of a room which is in a state of disorder? 9. What would you do with a table which is shaky? 10. What do you do to make sure that there is enough salt in the soup? 11. What do you have to do with the saucepan if the porridge gets burnt? 12. What must one do before applying to an Institute for admission? 13. What is sure to happen if you wash a cutglass vase in boiling water?
14. How do you feel if all is well? If things go from bad to worse?
9. Respond to the following statements and questions using the Essential Vocabulary:
1. Aren't you ashamed of discussing my affairs behind my back?
2. What's the matter with your face? 3. I don't think he did his share of the work. 4. It took you ages to do the room! 5. Why do you look so sullen? 6. Why did you give such a confused answer?
7. Look at the coat I've just brought from the cleaner's! 8. The paint is a bit thick. 9. I should never have thought that you would fall for her promises. 10. What's wrong with the orange? 11. Did he do well at his exams? 12. Which of the twins is Bob? 13.1 hear he was not admitted to the Institute. 14. What's this sound?
10. Make up and practise a short situation using the following words and word combinations:
1. to gossip; spirit; to get mixed; to scrape through
2. like nothing else on earth; to wind; to roam; to gather wood; steadily; a crack; to get into scrapes
3. to peel; for an hour or so; I should never have thought, to be on the safe side; the more ... the more
11. Make up and act out a dialogue using the words and word combinations of Ex. 10:
1. Two inexperienced girls are cooking soup, (to peel potatoes, to be the size of, to waste, odds and ends, to mix, good stuff, to try experiments, to flavour, to turn out, to be more like ... , a mixture with a bad taste, to scrape out)
2. A young married couple is packing, (there is little time left, plenty of time, in a mess, there is no room to spare, odds and ends, the more ... the more ..., that won't do, to get cracked, to scrape, to make a mess of, to require help, the rest of the evening, I should never thought)
12. Find in Text One and copy out phrases in which the prepositions (or ad-verbs) “in', ‘off and with' are used. Translate the phrases into Russian.
13. Fill in prepositions:
1. Stand ... front of me, you'll see better then, there will be nothing ... the way ... your view.
2. Frankly speaking, I don't see anything ... that idea.
3. She is always ... trouble ... her son. He can't resist bad influence.
4. I can never talk easily ... him, we seem to have nothing ... common.
5. A stitch ... time saves nine. (proverb)
6. A bird ... the hand is worth two ... the bush. (proverb)
7. There were not many people at the meeting, about 10 or 12 ... number, I should think.
8. Our preparation had to be made ... secret, which required caution.
9. We are ... sight... land now and will soon be ... port.
10. The matter ... itself is not important, ... fact I was going to take no notice ... it, but he had acted ... such a way that I must take it into consideration. ... any case it can't affect you.
11. I shall take these plates away now and bring the pudding ... .
12. Come to our village ... a month or so. You'll see then how beautiful it is ... early June; all the houses smothered ... roses and not a cloud ... the sky.
14. Translate the following sentences into English. Pay attention to the prepositions:
1. Такого учителя нелегко найти, таких на тысячу один.
2. Я был в самой середине толпы и не мог подойти к вам.
3. На вашем месте я бы подождал немного, это в ваших интересах.
4. «Кто вынимал сегодня почту? Не хватает одной газеты», — возмущенно сказал отец.
5. Кондуктор автобуса помог старой женщине войти.
6. Джим открыл дверь и впустил мокрую от дождя собаку.
7. Вы сегодня в плохом настроении, не так ли? — Да, что-то мне не по себе. Я, пожалуй, лучше останусь, дома и почитаю.
8. Джон помог жене снять пальто и усадил ее в кресло у камина.
9. Разве вы не знаете, что контрольную работу не пишут карандашом?
10. Мы сошли с поезда и отправились на поиски гостиницы. 11. Говорите шепотом. Анна, кажется, заснула.
12. Джордж отрезал кусок хлеба, намазал его маслом и принялся за еду.
13. Этот студент уверен в своих знаниях и немного рисуется.
14. Краска не отходит от пальто, я не могу ее соскоблить.
15. Вы не знаете, как у него дела с книгой, которую он пишет? — Я его давно не видел, мы не ладим с ним. — Но почему?
По-моему, вы придираетесь к нему. При всех своих недостатках он очень порядочный человек.
15. a) Give Russian equivalents for the following English proverbs and sayings (or translate them into Russian), b) Explain in English the meaning of each proverb, c) Make up a dialogue to illustrate one of the proverbs:
1. Gossiping and lying go hand in hand.
2. He who would eat the nut must first crack the shell.
3. Oil and water will never mix.
4. Who has never tasted bitter, knows not what is sweet.
16. Write a narrative essay on one of the topics:
1. A river trip that went wrong.
2. How Father did his best to cook dinner on the 8th of March.
3. The dream of a holiday-maker on a rainy night.
4. A trying experience of a holiday-maker during a river trip.