Фразовые глаголы, предлоги, идиомы. Урок 1.

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Фразовые глаголы

Break down

ломаться:

My car broke down on the way to work.

терять самообладание:

She broke down when she learnt about his mum death.

Break into

Вламываться

Why did you break into my room?

Разразиться (неожиданно, о смехе)

He broke into laghter.

Break out

Вспыхивать (огонь, война)

Бежать из тюрмы

Break up

разрыв (отношений):

He moved away after the break-up of his marriage.

закрываться на каникулы

Our school broke up for the summer in June

1. Заполните пропуски подходящим фразовым глаголом

Выберите правильный вариант: break down, break into, break out, break up.

  1. The car ______ on the highway, so we had to call a tow truck.
  2. Thieves tried to ______ the house last night, but the alarm scared them away.
  3. A fire ______ in the old factory, and firefighters arrived quickly.
  4. Sarah and Tom decided to ______ after five years of dating.
  5. The prisoner managed to ______ of jail by digging a tunnel.
  6. My laptop keeps ______ when I try to open too many programs.
  7. The police had to ______ the door to rescue the trapped child.
  8. A fight ______ between two fans at the football match.

Ответы:

  1. broke down
  2. break into
  3. broke out
  4. break up
  5. break out
  6. breaking down
  7. break down / break into (оба возможны в зависимости от контекста)
  8. broke out

2. Перефразируйте предложения, используя фразовые глаголы

Замените выделенные слова подходящим фразовым глаголом (break down, break into, break out, break up).

  1. Their relationship ended last month. → They ______ last month.
  2. A riot started in the city center after the protest. → A riot ______ in the city center.
  3. The engine stopped working in the middle of the road. → The engine ______ in the middle of the road.
  4. Burglars entered by force and stole the jewelry. → Burglars ______ and stole the jewelry.

Ответы:

  1. broke up
  2. broke out
  3. broke down
  4. broke into

3. Придумайте свои предложения

Составьте по два предложения с каждым фразовым глаголом.

Пример:

  • Break down: My phone broke down yesterday, so I couldn"t call you.
  • Break into: Someone tried to break into our garage last night.

Попробуйте придумать свои!

4. Мини-диалоги (для разговорной практики)

Разыграйте с другом диалоги, используя фразовые глаголы.

Пример:
— Why are you late?
— My car broke down, and I had to wait for help.

— Did you hear about the bank robbery?
— Yes! Thieves broke into it at midnight!

1. Замените выделенные слова на фразовый глагол

Вставьте break down, break into, break out, break up вместо синонимов.

  1. The negotiations stopped making progress because of disagreements. → The negotiations ______ because of disagreements.
  2. A group of hackers gained illegal access to the company"s database. → A group of hackers ______ the company"s database.
  3. A violent conflict started suddenly in the region. → A violent conflict ______ in the region.
  4. After years of marriage, they decided to end their relationship. → After years of marriage, they decided ______.
  5. The old printer stopped working again. → The old printer ______ again.
  6. The police had to force open the door to save the hostages. → The police had ______ the door to save the hostages.
  7. A dangerous disease started spreading in the city. → A dangerous disease ______ in the city.
  8. She lost control of her emotions and started crying. → She ______ and started crying.

Ответы:

  1. broke down
  2. broke into
  3. broke out
  4. to break up
  5. broke down
  6. to break into
  7. broke out
  8. broke down

2. Выберите правильный фразовый глагол

Подчеркните нужный вариант.

  1. When the war (broke out / broke into), many people fled the country.
  2. My computer keeps (breaking down / breaking up) when I play games.
  3. The thieves (broke out / broke into) the museum and stole a famous painting.
  4. They had a big fight and decided to (break down / break up).
  5. The prisoner (broke into / broke out) of jail using a smuggled key.
  6. She (broke down / broke out) crying when she heard the sad news.

Ответы:

  1. broke out
  2. breaking down
  3. broke into
  4. break up
  5. broke out
  6. broke down

3. Переведите предложения на английский, используя фразовые глаголы

  1. Машина сломалась посреди дороги. →
  2. В нашем районе кто-то взломал две машины прошлой ночью. →
  3. Между ними началась ссора из-за денег. →
  4. Они расстались, но остались друзьями. →
  5. Пожар начался на третьем этаже. →

Ответы:

  1. The car broke down in the middle of the road.
  2. Someone broke into two cars in our neighborhood last night.
  3. An argument broke out between them over money.
  4. They broke up but remained friends.
  5. A fire broke out on the third floor.

Предлоги

Blame smb for smth

Винить кого-л. В чем-л.

He blamed her for telling him a lie.

Arrive in

Прибывать в город, деревню, страну

We arrived in Brest in time.

Arrive at

Прибывать в другие места (на платформу, на станцию) The train arrived at platform 4

Apologize to someone for something

Принести извинения кому-то за что-то

We had to apologize to him for being wrong

To be annoyed with smb for something

Злиться на кого-л. за что-то

John was annoyed with me for my carelessness.

To be annoyed about smth

Злиться за что-то

John was annoyed about my carelessness.

Accuse (somebody) of (doing) smth

Винить кого-то в чем-то

He was accused of being late for work.

Believe in

Верить во что-то, кого-то

Do you want to believe in God

To be brilliant at smth

Быть талантливым, умным в чем-либо

He was brilliant at cooking

To be aware of smth

быть в курсе

I’m aware of his business

To be afraid of smb/smth

Бояться кого-либо/чего-либо

She is afraid of dogs.

Associate with smb

общаться с

He doesn’t associate with her sister.

ассоциироваться с

To be ashamed of smb/smth

стыдно за кого-то/что-то

She is ashamed of me

To be astonished at/by smth

удивляться чему-то

Mark was astonished at her manner of dancing

1. Заполните пропуски подходящими предлогами (in, at, to, for, of, with, about, by)

  1. She blamed me ___ breaking the vase.
  2. We arrived ___ London yesterday.
  3. The train arrives ___ platform 5.
  4. He apologized ___ his boss ___ being late.
  5. I"m really annoyed ___ my brother ___ his laziness.
  6. She"s annoyed ___ the constant noise outside.
  7. They accused him ___ stealing the money.
  8. Do you believe ___ ghosts?
  9. She"s brilliant ___ playing the piano.
  10. Are you aware ___ the new rules?
  11. Many people are afraid ___ spiders.
  12. He doesn"t want to associate ___ dishonest people.
  13. She felt ashamed ___ her behavior.
  14. Everyone was astonished ___ the magician"s trick.

Ответы:

  1. for
  2. in
  3. at
  4. to, for
  5. with, for
  6. about
  7. of
  8. in
  9. at
  10. of
  11. of
  12. with
  13. of
  14. at/by

2. Перефразируйте предложения, используя правильные предлоги

Замените выделенные слова на конструкцию с предлогом.

  1. He said sorry to her for forgetting her birthday. → He apologized ___ her ___ forgetting her birthday.
  2. She is very good at mathematics. → She is brilliant ___ mathematics.
  3. They think he stole the documents. → They accuse him ___ stealing the documents.
  4. I didn"t know about the meeting. → I wasn"t aware ___ the meeting.
  5. He was shocked by the news. → He was astonished ___ the news.

Ответы:

  1. to, for
  2. at
  3. of
  4. of
  5. at/by

3. Исправьте ошибки в предлогах

В некоторых предложениях предлоги использованы неправильно. Найдите и исправьте.

  1. She apologized at me for her mistake.
  2. He is afraid from dogs.
  3. They arrived to Paris last night.
  4. She is brilliant with solving puzzles.
  5. I"m annoyed of his constant complaints.

Ответы:

  1. at → to (apologized to me)
  2. from → of (afraid of dogs)
  3. to → in (arrived in Paris)
  4. with → at (brilliant at solving puzzles)
  5. of → with/about (annoyed with his complaints / annoyed about his complaints)

4. Переведите на английский, используя правильные предлоги

  1. Он обвинил меня во лжи. →
  2. Они приехали на вокзал в 5 часов. →
  3. Она извинилась перед учителем за опоздание. →
  4. Ты злишься на меня из-за вчерашнего спора? →
  5. Я не знал об этой проблеме. →

Ответы:

  1. He accused me of lying.
  2. They arrived at the station at 5 o"clock.
  3. She apologized to the teacher for being late.
  4. Are you annoyed with me about yesterday"s argument?
  5. I wasn"t aware of this problem.

Идиомы

Be at a loss for words

Затрудняться подобрать слова

He was at a loss for words. Он не находил слов

To be on good terms (with smb)

Быть в хороших отношениях с кем-л.

Lusy is on good terms with Mark. Луси в хороших отношениях с Марком.

Be in smb shoes

Быть на месте кого-л.

Lusy will never be in my shoes.

Be in good mood

Быть в хорошем настроении

Lusy is in a good mood.

Be broke

Быть на мели

Mike is broke.

Do one’s best

Сделать лучшим образом

I'll do my best to master English.

Do smb a favour

Сделать кому-нибудь одолжение

Could you do me a favour

Do smth for a living

Зарабатывать на жизнь

He probably drives for a living.

1. Вставьте правильное выражение

Выберите: be at a loss for words, be on good terms (with), be in sb's shoes, be in a good mood, be broke.

  1. After hearing the shocking news, I just ___ and couldn't say anything.
  2. Even though they divorced, they still ___ with each other for the sake of their kids.
  3. If you ___ , you would understand why I made that decision.
  4. She ___ today because she got a promotion at work.
  5. I can't go out tonight—I ___ until payday.

Ответы:

  1. was at a loss for words
  2. are on good terms
  3. were in my shoes
  4. is in a good mood
  5. am broke

2. Перефразируйте предложения

Замените выделенную часть подходящим выражением.

  1. I couldn't think of anything to say when he proposed. → I ___ when he proposed.
  2. They have a friendly relationship with their neighbors. → They ___ with their neighbors.
  3. Imagine yourself in my position before judging me. → ___ before judging me.
  4. He's feeling happy because his team won. → He ___ because his team won.
  5. I have no money left after my vacation. → I ___ after my vacation.

Ответы:

  1. was at a loss for words
  2. are on good terms
  3. Be in my shoes
  4. is in a good mood
  5. am broke

3. Исправьте ошибки

В некоторых предложениях выражения использованы неправильно. Найдите и исправьте.

  1. She was at loss for words when she saw the surprise.
  2. I wouldn't like to be on your shoes right now.
  3. They are in good terms with their ex-boss.
  4. He's in good mood because he passed the exam.
  5. After buying that phone, I'm broken.

Ответы:

  1. at loss → at a loss (be at a loss for words)
  2. on → in (be in your shoes)
  3. in → on (are on good terms)
  4. good mood → a good mood (in a good mood)
  5. broken → broke (I'm broke)

4. Переведите на английский

  1. Я был так удивлён, что не мог вымолвить ни слова. →
  2. Они в хороших отношениях со своими родственниками. →
  3. Не хотел бы я сейчас быть на твоём месте! →
  4. Почему ты в таком плохом настроении? → (используй отрицание с good mood)
  5. После ремонта я полностью без денег. →

Ответы:

  1. I was so surprised that I was at a loss for words.
  2. They are on good terms with their relatives.
  3. I wouldn't like to be in your shoes right now!
  4. Why aren't you in a good mood?
  5. After the renovation, I am completely broke.

Упражнение: Замените выделенные слова на подходящие идиомы

(Idioms: be at a loss for words, be on good terms, be in sb's shoes, be in a good mood, be broke)

Часть 1. Простые замены

  1. She didn"t know what to say when she saw the surprise. →
  2. They have a friendly relationship with their neighbors. →
  3. If you were in my situation, you"d understand my decision. →
  4. He feels happy and cheerful today because he got a bonus. →
  5. I have no money left after shopping. →

Ответы:

  1. was at a loss for words
  2. are on good terms
  3. were in my shoes
  4. is in a good mood
  5. am broke

Часть 2. Замените целые предложения

  1. I was so shocked that I couldn"t speak. →
  2. They don"t argue and get along well. →
  3. Imagine yourself in her position—it"s not easy! →
  4. Why are you so cheerful today? →
  5. After paying rent, I have zero money. →

Ответы:

  1. I was at a loss for words.
  2. They are on good terms.
  3. Be in her shoes—it"s not easy!
  4. Why are you in such a good mood?
  5. After paying rent, I"m broke.

Часть 3. Исправьте предложения, заменив обычные слова на идиомы

  1. She couldn"t speak from embarrassment. →
  2. We are friends with our ex-colleagues. →
  3. Put yourself in my place before judging me. →
  4. He"s happy because his team won. →
  5. I spent all my money on this concert ticket. →

Ответы:

  1. was at a loss for words
  2. are on good terms
  3. Be in my shoes
  4. is in a good mood
  5. am broke

Часть 4. Создайте свои предложения

Придумайте 2 предложения с каждой идиомой.

Пример:

  • Be at a loss for words: When I saw the Grand Canyon, I was at a loss for words.
  • Be on good terms: Even after the divorce, they stayed on good terms.

Упражнение: Замените выделенные слова на подходящие идиомы

(Idioms: be at a loss for words, be on good terms, be in sb's shoes, be in a good mood, be broke)

Часть 1. Простые замены

  1. She didn"t know what to say when she saw the surprise. →
  2. They have a friendly relationship with their neighbors. →
  3. If you were in my situation, you"d understand my decision. →
  4. He feels happy and cheerful today because he got a bonus. →
  5. I have no money left after shopping. →

Ответы:

  1. was at a loss for words
  2. are on good terms
  3. were in my shoes
  4. is in a good mood
  5. am broke

Часть 2. Замените целые предложения

  1. I was so shocked that I couldn"t speak. →
  2. They don"t argue and get along well. →
  3. Imagine yourself in her position—it"s not easy! →
  4. Why are you so cheerful today? →
  5. After paying rent, I have zero money. →

Ответы:

  1. I was at a loss for words.
  2. They are on good terms.
  3. Be in her shoes—it"s not easy!
  4. Why are you in such a good mood?
  5. After paying rent, I"m broke.

Часть 3. Исправьте предложения, заменив обычные слова на идиомы

  1. She couldn"t speak from embarrassment. →
  2. We are friends with our ex-colleagues. →
  3. Put yourself in my place before judging me. →
  4. He"s happy because his team won. →
  5. I spent all my money on this concert ticket. →

Ответы:

  1. was at a loss for words
  2. are on good terms
  3. Be in my shoes
  4. is in a good mood
  5. am broke

Часть 4. Создайте свои предложения

Придумайте 2 предложения с каждой идиомой.

Пример:

  • Be at a loss for words: When I saw the Grand Canyon, I was at a loss for words.
  • Be on good terms: Even after the divorce, they stayed on good terms.

Попробуйте сами!

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