1. I am sure that I (recognize) him. 2. Look! I’ve broken the teapot. What Mrs Pitt (say)? — She (not mind); she never liked that one. 3. There (be) a big meeting here tomorrow. 4. We (have.) a party next Saturday. Would you like to come? 5. The concert this evening (start) at 7.30. 6. I (not go) away for my holidays next month because I haven’t got enough money.
Going to (I am going to do)
We use going to (do) when we say what we have already decided to do, what we intend to do in the future, it expresses a premeditated intention. The going to future shows that we have a clear plan in our mind.
I’m going to have a party next weekend. (I have a plan to have a party.)
He’s going to buy a second-hand car. (He intends to buy a second-hand car.)
— A: There’s a film on television tonight. Are you going
to watch it?
B: No, I’m too tired. I’m going to have an early night.
— A: I hear Ann has won a lot of money. What is she going
to do with it?
B: I’ve heard she’s going to travel round the world.
— A: Have you made the coffee yet?
B: No, but I’m just going to make it. (just = just at this moment)
Going to can also express a prediction, especially when it is based on a present fact. There is evidence now that something is certain to happen.
She’s going to have a baby. (We can see she’s pregnant.) Liverpool are going to win the match. (It’s four nil, and there’s only five minutes left.)
It isn’t going to rain. (Look at that lovely blue sky.) Watch out! Those boxes are going to fall over! Oh dear Too late.
We use was/wene going to to say what someone intended to do in the past (but didn’t do):
— We were going to travel by train but then we decided to go by car.
— A: Did Tom do the examination?
B: No, he was going to do it but in the end he changed his mind.
— I was just going to cross the road when someone shouted “Stop!”
Will or Going to
We use both will and going to in predictions about the future but there is a difference:
We use will to talk about what we think or believe will happen in the future.
We use going to (not will) when there is something in the present situation that shows what will
happen in the future. The speaker feels sure about what will happen because of the situation now.
I think Tom will get the job. We’ll be there by Monday night.
Look at those black clouds. It’s
going to rain, (the clouds are there now} I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be
sick. (I feel terrible now.)
2. We use both will and going to to express intention, to talk what we intend to do but there is a difference here:
Will is used to express a Going to is used to express a
decision or intention made future plan, decision or intention
at the moment of speaking. made before the moment of speaking.
“Oh dear! I’ve spilt some wine “Why have you moved all the
on my jacket.” “Don’t worry. furniture out of the room?” “I’m
I Ml clean it for you.” going to clean the carpet.”
What shall I do tomorrow? “Why are you putting on those
I know ГII paint the kitchen. old clothes?" “I’m going to paint
the kitchen.”
Self chcck
I. Complete the sentences using will or going to and the verbs in brackets.
John: Alan, can you take me to the airport this evening?
Alan: Of course I (take) you. I’d be delighted.
Later that day Eric offers to take John to the airport.
Eric: John, do you want me to take you to the airport?
John: No, thanks, Eric. Alan (take) me.
He: Where we (spend) the night?
She: Cardiff. I’ve booked us in at the Angel Hotel. Why do you ask?
He: That’s another thirty miles away. We (run) out of petrol before we get there. I (stop) at the next filling station.
Half an hour later.
She: The road goes on forever.
He: We (get) stuck. The car’s stopping. We (have) to walk.
She: Come on then. Perhaps someone (give) us a lift. He: Not a filling-station in sight and look at those black clouds. It (rain).
She: Look! A car’s coming. I (wave) to the driver.
He: Oh good! He’s slowing down. lie (stop).
Janet: Someone told me-you and the family (go) and live
in Alaska. Is it true?
Graham: Yes, it is. I (work) for a building company.
Janet: That (be) interesting.
Graham: I hope so. It (be) something different. It certainly (be) a bit colder than London.
Janet: When you (leave)?
Graham: On the tenth of next month. We (be) there in three weeks.
Janet: Oh, so it (not be) long now. Jerry and I (be) sad to see you go.
Graham: Oh, we (be) back some time. We (not be) there for ever. And you can always come to Alaska and see us.
Janet: Well, that isn’t a bad idea. We (visit) my sister in Vancouver next summer.
Graham: Oh, that’s great. We (see) you next summer then.
A: Why is Carlos wearing a suit and tie? He usually
wears jeans to class.
B: He (give) a speech at the faculty lunch today.
A: Really? What he (speak) about?
B: About university study in his country.
Present Continuous (I am doing) or Going to?
Present Continuous is more natural when you are talking about planned arrangements, going to is preferable when you are talking about planned intentions.
Notice the difference in meaning between:
Present Continuous
I’m buying a new car on Saturday.
(It is arranged, already organized.)
Going to
I am going to buy a new car.
(I intend to buy one, but I have no particular car in mind.
There is often little difference between a future intention and a future arrangement, and often going to and the Present Continuous are interchangeable.
We’re going to see
Hamlet at the Royal Theatre tonight.
We’re seeing
When we make predictions about the future, we can use going to (or will), but not the Present Continuous.
It’s going to rain tomorrow. (It's raining tomorrow is not possible.).
Self check
I. Use the Present Continuous or going to.
1. It's 6.30. We (miss) our train. 2. You (cat) all that? 3. This airplane (crash). 4. I’ve lent you my car once. I (not do) it again
5. I (play) bridge tonight with Tom and Ann. 6. What you (tell) the police? — I (tell) them the truth. 7. What you (do) with the money? 8.1 (read), you his answer to my letter of complaint 9. There was very little blossom this spring. Apples (be) scarce
10. I don’t like this macaroni. I (not finish) it. 11. Mr Pitt has just phoned to say that he (not come) back till Wednesday night,
12. Her parents (give) a party for her next month. They (invite} sixty guests. 13. The inspector (ask) you a few questions. 14. He (wash) the car? 15. She (sing) in her first big concert next month. 16. He (go) to Spain for his holidays. — He (fly)? — No, he (go) by boat. 17. Where you (go) this evening?—I (not go) anywhere
I (stay) at home. I (write) some letters. 18. You (do) anything next weekend? — Yes, my nephews (come) and I (show) them
round London. — You (take) them to the theatre? — No, they’re too young for that. I (take) them to the zoo. 19. Where you (go) for your holidays? — I (go) to Norway. — What you (do) there? —
I (fish). 20. We (start) early tomorrow. We (go) to Ben Nevis. — You (climb) Ben Nevis? — Not me. Tom (climb) it. I (sit) at the bottom and do some sketching. 21.1 hear you (go) to the regatta tomorrow. You (sail) in it? — No, but we (take) our cameras. We (try) to photograph the winning yachts. 22. You (not ask) your boss for a rise? — It isn’t worth while. I (leave) at the end of the week. — Really? And what you (do) then? You (have) a holiday?— No, I (start) another job the following Monday. 23. Mrs Jones (go) to hospital. She (have) her appendix out. — Who (look) after the children?—Her sister (come) down from Scotland. 24. He isn’t happy at his boarding school. I (send) him to a day school. — Have you decided on the other school? — No, but I (see) the headmaster of the Park School this afternoon. I’ll probably send him there. 25.1 (buy) a new coat. The weather report says that it (be) very cold. 26. I hear you’ve bought a new house. — Yes. I (move) in next week. — You (have) a house warming party? — Not just yet. I (paint) the house first. 27. That rider (fall) off.
Ann has won a car in a competition but she can’t drive. Tom asks her, “What you (do) with the car? You (sell) it?” Ann answers, “No, I (learn) to drive. I (have) my first lesson next Monday.”
Future Continuous
We use the Future Continuous (will be doing) to talk about something which will be in progress at a time in the future.
I’ll be having dinner at 7.00.
Don’t phone me at 8.00. I’ll be doing my homework then.
What will you be doing this time next week?
I’ll be waiting at the station when your train arrives.
We also use the Future Continuous for planned actions.
I’ll be going to the city centre later. Can I get you anything?
With this meaning will be doing is similar to am doing.
I’m going to the city centre later.
“Would you like me to give Peter a message for you?’ “Oh, I don’t want to trouble you.” “It’s no trouble, really I’ll be seeing Peter tomorrow anyway.”
We often use will (you) being? to ask about people’s plans especially when we want something or want someone to do something.
“Will you be using your bicycle this evening?” “No, you can take it.”
“Will you be passing the post office when you go out?’ “Yes, why?”
When we use will be doing form in this way, it often suggests that we do not want to change the other person's plans.
3. The Future Continuous also expresses an action that will occur in the natural course of events, independently of the will or intention of anyone directly concerned.
In a few minutes we will be landing at Heathrow Airport Hurry up! The bus will be leaving any minute.
Self check
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Continuous or the Simple Future.
1. I’ll call for her at 7. — No, don’t; she still (have) breakfast then. 2. You’ve just missed the last train! — Never mind. I (walk), 3 You ask him. It’s no good my asking him. He (not do) anything I say. 4. He says he (meet) us at the bus stop, but I'm sure he (forget) to do it. 5. Don’t ring now; she (watch) her favourite TV programme. — All right. I (ring) at 8.30.6. Mother: I’m so grateful for the help you’ve given Jack; I hope you (be) able to go on helping him. Teacher: I’m afraid I (not teach) him next term because I only teach the fifth form and he (be) in the sixth. 7. Schoolboy (in school dining hall): The last week of our last term! I wonder what we (do) this time next year. Friend: Well, we (not cat) school dinners anyway. That’s one comfort. 8. I’d like to double-glaze the bedroom windows. — All right. I (get) the materials at once and we (do) it this weekend. 9. You (have) lunch with me on the 24th? — I’d love to, but I’m afraid I (do) my exam they. 10. We (meet) him at the station? — Oh, he (not come) by train. He never comes by train. 11. Wait a bit. Don’t drink your tea. The milkman (come) in a minute. 12. I (work) for Mr Pitt next week as his own secretary (be) away. 13. You (have) something to drink, won’t you? 14. Why did you take his razor? He (look) for it everywhere tomorrow. 15. I’ve fished that river every year for the last fifteen years. — Well, nobody (fish) it next year. The water’s been polluted. All the fish are dead. 16. I don’t feel well enough to go to the station to meet him. — I (meet) him for you. But how I (recognize) him? — He’s small and fair, and he (wear) a black and while school cap. 17. I hope you (do) well in the race tomorrow. I (think) of you. 18. You’ve left the light on. — Oh, so I have. I (go) and turn it off. 19. I’ve just been appointed assistant at the local library. — Then you (work) under my sister. She is head librarian there. 20.1 want to post this letter but I don’t want to go out in the rain. — I (post) it for you. I (go) -out anyway as I have to take the dog for a walk. 21. The prima ballerina is ill so I expect her understudy (dance) instead. 22. This lime next Monday I (sit) in a Paris cafe reading Le Figaro. — You (not read). You (look) at all the pretty girls. 23. I (cook) any fish you catch, but I (not clean) them. You’ll have to do that yourself. 24. It is nearly autumn; soon the leaves (change) colour. 25. Mother (on phone): My son has just burnt his hand very badly. Doctor: I (come) at once. 26. My son will be in the sixth form next year. — That means that old Adder (teach) him mathematics. 27. I (not show) you any films this time. The projector’s broken down. 28. Housewife: This time next week I (not wash) up the breakfast things. I (have) breakfast in bed in a luxury hotel. 29. Customer in restaurant: Waiter, this plate is dirty. Waiter: I’m sorry, sir. I (bring) you another. 30. I (not wear) glasses when you see me next. I (wear) contact lenses. You probably (not recognize) me. 31. You (use) your typewriter tomorrow evening? — No, you can take it. 32. Guest: May I use your phone to ring for a taxi? Hostess: Oh, there’s no need for that; my son (drive) you home. 33. Come on deck; we (enter) harbour in a few minutes. Are you nearly ready? Our guests (arrive) any minute. 35. She says that she (not lend) me the book, because I never give books back. 36. James (leave) for Australia quite soon. He has got a job there. 37. I (get) you some aspirins if you like. The chemist’? still (be) open. — No, don’t bother. The office boy (go) out in a minute to post the letters; I (ask) him to buy me some. 38. I (write) postcards every week, I promise, and I (try) to make them legible. If necessary I (type) them. 39. I’m going to Switzerland next week. — You’re lucky. The wild flowers just (come) out. 40. You (see) Tom this afternoon. I’d like you to give him a message. 41. I (tell) her what you say but she (not believe) it. 42. This time tomorrow everyone (read) of your success and all sorts of people (ring) up to congratulate you 43. You (use) your dictionary this morning? — No, you can borrow it if you like. 44. We've just got to the top in time. The sun (rise) in a minute.
Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous
We use the Future Perfect (will have done) to talk about something that will be completed by (not later than) a certain time in the future.
When we use this structure, we think of a future time and look back from that future time to say that something will be complete.
I’ll have finished dinner by 8.00.
"I’ll phone you at 11.00." “No, I’ll have gone to bed by then. Can you phone earlier?”
I’ll have worked here for a year next September.
Next year is Ted and Amy’s 25th wedding anniversary They will have been married for 25 years.
We’re late. I expect the film will have already started by
the time we get to the cinema.
The Future Perfect Continuous (will have been doing) describe a continuous action (very often one which is already in progress which will finish by a certain point in the future:
In ten minutes we’ll have been waiting for this bus for exactly an hour!
Amer will have been studying English for ten months by the time he goes back to Syria in October.
Self check
Use either the Future Perfect or the Future Perfect Continuous.
By the time I get up tomorrow morning, the sun already (rise). 2. He’s never going to stop talking. In 15 more minutes, we (listen) to his lecture for three solid hours. I don’t even know what he’s saying anymore. 3. This is a long trip! By the time we get to Miami, we (ride) on this bus for over 15 hours. 4. What? You’re smoking another cigarette? At this rate you (smoke) a whole pack before lunchtime. Don’t you think you should cut down a little? 5. This is the longest flight I have ever taken. By the time we get to New Zealand, we (fly) for 13 hours. I’m going to be exhausted. 6. Douglas has been putting some money away every month to prepare for his trip to South America next year. By the end of this year, he (save) enough. It looks like he’s going to make it.7. Can you believe? According to our grammar teacher, by the end of this semester she (teach) more than 3,000 students from 42 different countries. She has been teaching for nearly 20 years — and she still loves it!»8. This traffic is terrible. We’re going to be late. By the time we (get) to the airport, Bob’s plane already (arrive), and he’ll be wondering where we are. 9. This morning I came to class at 9.00. Right now it is 10.00, and I am still in class. I have been sitting at this desk for an hour. By II.00 I(sit) here for two hours. 10. I don’t understand how these marathon runners do it! The race began over an hour ago. By the time they reach the finish line, they (run) steadily for more than two hours. I don’t think I can run more than two minutes! 11. What? He got married again? At this rate, he (have) a dozen wives by the time he dies. 12. We have been married for a long time. By our next anniversary, we (be) married for 43 years. 13. I hope they (repair) this road by the time we come back next summer. 14. By the end of next week my wife (do) her spring cleaning and we’ll be able to relax again. 15. By this time tomorrow we (have) our injections. 16. By the end of next year I (work) for him for 45 years. 17. He’s only 35 but he’s started losing his hair already. He (lose) all by the time he’s 50. 18. In two months’ time he (finish) his preliminary training and will be starting work. 19. I’ll be back again at the end of next month. — I hope I (pass) my driving test by then. If I have, I'll meet your train. 20. When Professor Jones retires next month, he (teach) for 45 years. 21. I will go to bed at 10 p.m. He will get home at midnight. I (sleep) for two hours by the time he gets home.
When and If sentences (When I do../If I do...)
1 .We use the present tense (usually the simple present) to refer to the future in clauses of time and condition after when, while, as soon as, after, before, until/till, if unless, provided/providing (that).
I’ll buy a newspaper when I go out.
We won’t go out until it stops raining.
We’ll go to the beach if the weather is nice.
I’ll go to the party provided you go too.
Before you leave you must visit the museum.
Can you look after the children while I am out?
I’ll buy a new car as soon as I have enough money.
The door will not open unless you push it hard.
I’ll lend you the money providing that you pay me back tomorrow.
If he is sleeping when I come, I won’t wake him up.
You can also use the Present Perfect ( I have done) after when/ after/until etc. to show that the first action will be finished before the second.
When I’ve read this book, you can have it.
Don’t say anything while Tom is here. Wait here until he has gone.
It is often possible to use the Simple Present or Present Perfect
I’ll come as soon as I finish.'. or I’ll come as soon as I’ve
finished.
You’ll feel better after or You’ll feci better after
you have something to eat. you’ve had something to eat.
Self check
I. Put the verbs into the correct tense forms.
1 .If you drop that bottle, it (break) 2. He (not write) to you unless you (write) to him. 3. You (understand) when you (be) older. 4.1 (believe) it when I (see) it. 5. You (be) able to drive after you (have) another five lessons. 6. Unless he (run), he (not catch) the train. 7. He (lend) it to you if you (ask) him. 8. If petrol pump attendants (go) on strike we (not have) any petrol. 9. He (be) offended if you (not invite) him. 10. She (have) $ 6000 a year when she (be) twenty. 11. If you (leave) your roller skates on the path someone (fall) over them. If they (fall) over them and hurt themselves they (sue) you. 12. What your father (say) when he (hear) about this accident? — He (not say) much but he (not lend) me the car again. 13. You’ve been a good child, and when we (get) home I (give) you a sweet. 14. My father (be) furious when he (sec) what you have done. 15. As soon as I (hear) from him, I (let) you know. 16. The lift (not start) until you (press) that button. 17.1 (stay) in bed till the clock (strike) seven. 18. As soon as the holidays (begin) this beach (become) very crowded. 19. Don’t count on a salary increase before you actually (get) it. 20.1 (pay) you when I (get) my cheque. 21. If it (rain) this evening I (not go) out. 22. Before Tom (go) to bed, he always (brush) his teeth. 23. Before Tom (go) to bed later tonight, he (write) a letter to his girlfriend. 24. After I (get) home from school every afternoon, I (drink) a cup of tea. 25. Janet (meet) me at the airport when my train (arrive) tomorrow. 26. When I (be) in New York next week, I (stay) at the Park Plaza Hotel. 27. Cindy and I (go) to the beach tomorrow if the weather (be) warm and sunny. 28. Jack (watch) a football game on TV right now. As soon as the game (be) over, he (cut) the grass in the back yard. 29. As soon as I (get) home every day, my children always (run) to the door to meet me. 30. I (go) to New York often. When I (be) in New York, I usually (see) a Broadway play. 31. If I (not study) tonight, I (not pass) my chemistry exam. 32. I think he (get) the job. I (be) surprised if he (not get) it. 33. I hope to be there by 10.30. But if I (not be) there, don’t wait for me. 34. We (not start) dinner until Jack (arrive).
35. Please don’t touch anything before the police (come). 36. You (be) lonely without me while I (be) away? 37. Before you (leave), don’t forget to shut the windows. 38. Everyone (be) surprised if he (pass) the examination. 39. If I (need) any help, I (ask) you. 40. Come on! Hurry up! Ann (be) annoyed if we (be) late. 41. After I (do) the shopping, I (come) straight back home. 42. I’m going to watch a TV program at nine. Before I (watch) that program, I (write) a letter to my parents. 43. I’m going to eat lunch at 12.30. After I (eat), I probably (take) a nap. 44. I’m sure it will stop raining soon. As soon as the rain (stop), I (walk) to the drugstore to get some film. 45. Tomorrow I’m going to leave for home. When I (arrive) at the airport, my whole family (wait) for me. 46. When I (get) up tomorrow morning, the sun (shine), the birds (sing), and my roommate still (lie) in bed fast asleep. 47. How can I get in touch with you while you (be) out of town? — I (stay) at the Pilgrim Hotel. You can reach me there. 48. After Ali (return) to his country next month, he (start) working at the Ministry of Agriculture. 49. Relax. The plumber is on his way. He (be) here before there (be) a flood in the kitchen. Let’s just keep mopping up the water the best we can.
A: How long you (stay) in this country?
В: I (plan) to be here for about one more year. I (hope) to graduate a year from this June.
A: What you (do) after you (leave)?
В: I (return) home and (get) a job. How about you?
A: I (be) here for at least two more years before I (return) home and (get) a job.
Heat the oil till it (begin) to smoke. 52. You drive first, and when you (be) tired, I (take) over. 53. We (send) you the goods as soon as we (receive) your cheque. 54 .The plane (not take off) till the fog (lift). 55. When you (do) the bedrooms, remember to sweep under the beds. 56. He (save) £500 a year. By the time he (retire) he (save) £20,000. 57. When you (read) the book, leave it in the hospital for someone else to read.
II. Translate from Russian into English.
Как только я приеду в Лондон, я напишу тебе письмо. 2. Если погода будет хорошая, мы сможем сходить в лес за грибами. 3. Если ты поедешь на юг, то закажи билет туда и обратно. 4. Если он будет спать, когда я приду, я разбужу его. 5. Я пойду прогуляться прежде, чем лягу спать. 6. Я про-таться на велосипеде? — В воскресенье я буду готовиться к экзамену по физике. 34. Я завтра устраиваю вечернику. — Сколько человек придет на вечеринку? — Около десяти. — Мне остаться и помочь тебе?—О, да, пожалуйста. Это очень любезно с твоей стороны. 35. Сколько времени вы женаты? — В будущем году исполнится десять лет; как я женат. 36. Сколько времени вы работаете на этом заводе? — В мае исполнится пять лет, как я здесь работаю. 37. Сколько времени вы, знаете Смита? — В конце года исполнится пять лет, как мы знаем друг друга. 38. Сколько времени вы изучаете английский язык? — В июле исполнится два года, как я его изучаю. 39. В котором часу отправляется самолет? — В 8 утра. — Сколько времени длится полет? — Около двух часов. — Когда мы прибываем в Москву? — В 10 утра. 40. Куда ты едешь в отпуск? — Я еду в Брайтон. —Когда ты едешь? — 10 августа. —Ты едешь поездом? — Да. — Как долго ты там пробудешь? — Две недели. — Где ты остановишься? — В гостинице. — Желаю тебе хорошего отдыха. 41. Ты собираешься остаться в школе в будущем году? — Нет, мне надоела школа. — Что ты собираешься делать? — Я намерен поискать работу. — Какого рода работу? — Я собираюсь работать в банке. — Мне кажется, это скучная работа. — Я не согласен с тобой. 42. Что ты делаешь завтра утром? — Я буду делать уроки. — А что ты делаешь завтра днем? — Завтра днем я играю в футбол. Это очень важный магч. — Какая жалость! — Почему? — Завтра мы идем на ярмарку. Я хотел пригласить тебя пойти со мной. — К сожалению, я не смогу пойти. Спасибо за приглашение.