Exercises
1 Replace the underlined parts of these sentences with a present or past participle adjective formed from one of the following verbs. Give alternative positions for the adjective if possible. (B)
cause identify include interest provide remain result
1 I offered to pay for any damage that was the result...........(not ...any caused damage.)
2 Steps are being taken by telephone engineers to solve the problems which have been noticed.
3 Visitors who want to find out more can buy a booklet with further information.
4 Please answer the questions on the sheet that has been given to you.
5 The holiday cost £1200, with flights which were part of the total.
6 Although he didn’t want to appear on TV, the publicity that was the consequence was good for his business.
7 Just before serving the pasta, sprinkle over any cheese that is left over.
In which of the sentences can the participle adjective you have written be placed before the noun?
2 Complete the sentences with either that or those followed by an appropriate participle adjective. (C)
1 Her time for the 10,000 metres was four seconds faster than.................................... by the winner of last month’s European Championship.
2 Vegetables from the east of the country are generally cheaper than....................................in the west.
3 The company claims that its electric goods are more reliable than.................................... by its competitors.
4 The top wind speed was even higher than....................................in the great storm of 1987.
5 Levels of heart disease among people in rural areas are considerably lower than among ....................................in urban areas.
3 Complete the second sentences using a compound adjective from D to replace the underlined information in the first sentences. (D)
1 The company is organised from New York. It is a.....New York-based company......
2 The school has all the things it needs, with sufficient books and computers. The school is ........................................................................, with sufficient books and computers.
3 I found that the whole experience made me tense and worried. I found the whole experience
4 The proposed changes will have a major influence on a large number of people. The proposed changes will be.........................................................................
4 Combine the following words to make compound adjectives to replace the underlined parts of these sentences. Make any other necessary changes. (D)
clean eye ill wide catching equipped ranging shaven
1 At the age of 16 children do not have the ability or experience to take on the role of parents. are ill-equipped......
2 The discussions between the presidents dealt with a great variety of topics.
3 I almost didn’t recognise Mark. When I last saw him he had a beard and moustache, but now he has no beard or moustache.
4 The advertisements for the new car are very noticeable.
keys:
1
2 It was unsettling how he stared straight at me.
3 X (However, in spoken English we might say ‘It was surprising, Andrew’s excellent exam result’.)
4 It is an advantage in the job to be a qualified driver.
5 X (However, in spoken English we might say ‘It’s quite radical, her proposal’.)
6 It is highly unusual to put carpet on walls.
7 X (However, in spoken English we might say ‘It’s a Ferrari, John’s new car’.)
8 It is hard finding a good plumber these days, (or It is hard to find...)
2 The most likely answers are given
2 ...it astonished me to discover (that) she was also a successful novelist.
3 ...it hurts (me) to pedal my bicycle. / ...it has hurt (me) to pedal my bicycle.
4 ...it struck me (that) he was jealous.
5 ...it concerned me to hear (that) he was offended, (or ...it upset me...)
6 ...it didn’t bother him (that) everyone could see in.
7 ...it upset me (that) she hadn’t even told me when she was going away, (or ...it concerned me...)
8 ...it doesn’t do to criticise them too much.
9 ...it scared me to see (that) they were carrying knives.
10 ...it pays to plan your journey ahead.
3 Example answers are given
2 It takes a lot of hard work to build your own house.
3 It takes a considerable amount of courage to make a speech in front of a group of strangers.
4 It takes patience and a lot of time to explain the rules of cricket to someone who doesn’t know the game.
5 It takes bravery to stand up to a bully.
6 It takes a lot of organisation to be a good administrator.
7 It takes a great deal of time to learn to speak a foreign language well.