|
1. horizon [ha'raizn] 2. pier [pis] 3. warehouse 4 crane 5. wharf (quay, pier) 6. cargo 7. ship (steamer boat) 8. hold 9. funnel 10. gangway 11. anchor 12. dock 13. buoy [boi] 14. cable 15. windlass 16. fork lift truck 17. hovercraft 18. tug . 19. yacht [jot] 20. (cabin) cruiser 21. mast (ma:st] 22. sail 23. canoe [ka'nu:] 24. punt 25. pole 26. motor boat/launch 27. ferry 28. barge 29. trawler ['trolo] 30. (oil)tanker 31. deck 32. liner 33. tugboat 34. captain 35. mate 36. pilot 37. boatswain 38. radio operator 39. steersman 40. steward 41. crew [kru:] 42. lounge [launcfc] 43. state room 44. promenade deck 45. galley 46. engine room 47. porthole 48. stern 49. bow [bau] 50. life belt 51. life buoy 52. radar 53. rudder ['rado] 54. steer 55. vessel 56. gangway (gangplank) |
[ həˈraɪzən ][ha'raizn] [ˈpɪr][ˈpaɪz] [ˈwerˌhæʊs] [ˈkreɪn] [ ˈwɔrf (ˈkiː, ˈpɪr) ][wo:f] 6. ˈkɑrgoʊ 7. ˈʃɪp (ˈstiːmər ˈboʊt) 8. ˈhoʊld 9. ˈfənəl 10. ˈgæŋˌweɪ 11. ˈæŋkər 12. ˈdɑk 13. ˈbuːiː 14. ˈkeɪbəl 15. ˈwɪnləs 16. ˈfɔrk ˈlɪft ˈtrək 17. [hovercraft] 18. ˈtəg . 19. ˈjɑt 20. (ˈkæbən) ˈkruːzər 21. ˈmæst [ma:st] 22. ˈseɪl 23. kəˈnuː [ka'nu:] 24. ˈpənt 25. ˈpoʊl 26. ˈmoʊtər [boat/launch 27. ˈferiː 28. ˈbɑrdʒ 29. ˈtrɔlər ['trolo] 30. (oil)tanker 31. ˈdek 32. ˈlaɪnər 33. ˈtəgˌboʊt 34. ˈkæptən 35. ˈmeɪt 36. ˈpaɪlət 37. ˈboʊsən 38. ˈreɪdiːˌoʊ ˈɑpəˌreɪtər 39. ˈstɪrzmən 40. ˈstuːərd 41. ˈkruː [kru:] 42. ˈlæʊndʒ [launcfc] 43. ˈsteɪt ˈruːm 44. ˌprɑməˈneɪd ˈdek 45. ˈgæliː 46. ˈendʒən ˈruːm 47. ˈpɔrtˌhoʊl 48. ˈstərn 49. ˈbæʊ [bau] 50. ˈlaɪf ˈbelt 51. ˈlaɪf ˈbuːiː 52. ˈreɪˌdɑr 53. ˈrədər '[rado] 54. ˈstɪr 55. ˈvesəl 56. ˈgæŋˌweɪ (ˈgæŋˌplæŋk) |
1.горизонт 2.волнорез 3.пакгауз 4.кран 5.причал 6.груз 7.пароход 8.трюм 9.дымовая труба 10.вход с трапа 11.якорь 12.док 13.буй, 14.бакен 15.трос 16.лебедка 17.автокар 18.судно на воздушной подушке 19.буксирное судно 20.яхта 21.каюта 22.мачта 23.парус 24.каноэ 25.плоскодонная лодка 26.шест 27.моторная лодка 28.паром 29.баржа 30.траулер 31.танкер 32.палуба 33.пассажирский пароход 34.буксир 35.капитан 36.помощник капитана 37.лоцман 38.боцман ' 39радист 40.рулевой 41.дежурный по каютам, обслуживающий 42.пассажиров 43.команда, экипаж 44.салон 45.каюта-люкс 46.прогулочная палуба 47.камбуз 48.машинное отделение 49.иллюминатор 50.корма 51.нос (судна) 52.спасательный пояс 53.спасательный круг 54.радар 55.руль (корабельный)вести (судно), судно 56.трап, сходни |
The First Trip Abroad
(abridged)
Early the following morning Tracy stopped at a travel agency and reserved a suite on the Signal Deck of the Queen Elizabeth II. She was as excited as a child about her first trip abroad, and spent the next three days buying clothes and luggage.
On the morning of the sailing Tracy hired a limousine to drive her to the pier. When she arrived at Pier 90,
Berth 3, at West fifty-fifth and Twelfth Avenue, where the QEII was docked, it was crowded with photographers and television reporters, Tracy brushed past them, showed her passport to a ship's officer at the gangplank, and walked up onto the ship. On deck, a steward looked at Tracy's ticket and directed her to her stateroom. It was a lovely suite, with a private terrace. It had been ridiculously expensive, but Tracy decided it was going to be worth it.
She unpacked and then wandered along the corridor. In almost every cabin there were farewell parties going on, with laughter and champagne and conversation. She felt a sudden ache of loneliness. There was no one to see her off.
She made her way up to the Boat Deck and heard the sound of a deep-throated boat whistle and calls of “All ashore who’s going ashore”, and she was filled with a sudden excitement. She was sailing into a completely unknown future. She felt the huge ship shudder as the tugs started to pull it out of the harbour, and she stood among the passengers on the Boat Deck, watching the Statue of Liberty slide out of sight, and then she went exploring.
The QE ll was a city, more than nine hundred feet long and thirteen stories high. It had four restaurants, six bars, two ballrooms, two nightclubs, and a "Golden Door Spa at Sea", There were scores of shops, four swimming pools, a gymnasium, a golf driving range, a jogging track. I may never want to leave the ship, Tracy marveled.
Ex. 1. Comprehension questions.
1. Where did Tracy travel?
2. How did she travel?
3 What was the name of the ship?
4. Why was Tracy’s suite very expensive?
5. Why did Tracy feel a sudden ache of loneliness?
6. What city is described in this passage?
7. Why can the ship be called a city?
Ex. 2. Find in the text the equivalents to the following words and expression
1) дорожка для бега, 2) высотой в 13 этажей, 3) трап, 4) бюро путешествий и экскурсий, 5) чемоданы, 6) нанять, 7) причал, 8) стоять на причал 9) палуба, 10) место причала, 11) дежурный у трапа, 12) отдельная каюта
Ex. 3. Fill in the articles a/an/the where necessary.
1) They go by... air, but this time they decided to go by... sea. 2) They bought ... tickets and travelled all through ... night to Calais. 3) They were in ... time to go on ... board ... ship waiting at... quay. 4) They went straight down to restaurant for ... breakfast. 5) They saw that ... coast of France was disappearing and ahead were ... white cliffs of Pover. 6) They joined ... many passengers who were leaning on ... rails watching ... English coast. 7) It seemed much more exciting than getting off... plane at... London Airport. 8) At... entrance to ... Customs Office their passports were checked. 9) ... officer did not ask them to open their cases and in ... minute ... they were through ... gate, on ... platform and seated on ... London train.
Ex. 4. Describe the beauty of the sea.
Ex. 5. Give the synonyms for:
1) port, 2) steamer, 3) by boat, 4) quay, 5) cabin, 6) liner, 7) passage.
Ex. 6. Match the words and phrases in column A with those in column B.
| A | B |
| 1. on board a ship 2. life buoy 3. deck 4. stern 5. portholes 6. stateroom 7. gangway 8. hold 9. crew |
а. корма b. каюта люкс с. трюм d. на борту корабля е. иллюминаторы f. сходни g. палуба h. команда, экипаж L спасательный круг |
Ex. 7. Fill in the right word from the word column.
| 1. Shall we stay long in this ...? 2. Which ... will the boat from Batumi arrive at? ' 3. What ...go on this line? 4. When does the next boat... for Riga? 5. We went to Astrakhan .... 6. Our cabin is on .... 7. When we arrived at the port, the ... had already been up. |
a. boats b. sail c. by boat d quay e. gangway f. port g. in advance h. deck “A” |
Ex. 8. Give a word or a phrase for the following definition.
1. Smth designed to keep a person afloat in the water.
2. A craft capable of going over water supported on a cushion of air.
3. Part of ship below deck.
4. All the persons working on a ship.
5. Movable bridge from a ship to the land.
6. Rear end of a ship or boat.
7. A floor of a ship.
Ex. 9. Act as an interpreter: translate the sentences from Russian into English and from English into Russian.
- Я собираюсь поехать в Самару на пароходе.
- When does the next boat sail?
- Я хотел бы заказать билет в каюте 2 класса.
- How many passengers will there be in the cabin?
- Где находится моя каюта?
- Forward/Aft/Amidship/On deck/One flight down (up). Follow me, I’ll lead the way.
- С какого причала отправляется пароход?
- В какие порты заходит пароход?
- Where do the 2nd class passengers have to report?
- Когда подается завтрак/обед/ужин?
Place me with English speaking passengers,
- Я хотел бы получить шезлонг
- Steward, I don’t feel well. Could you bring my breakfast to my cabin?
- Какая сильная качка!
Ex. 10. Translate the text from Russian into English.
Белые холмы Дувр?
Мэгги и Эдвард Эрлинги уже несколько раз были в Англии. Обычно они летели на самолете, но на этот раз решили попробовать морем. Думаю, нас укачает, но один раз в жизни надо испытать все,» - сказала Лэгги, когда они покупали билеты.
Прибыли в Кале как раз перед отправлением парома. Проследив за тем, как их чемоданы отнесли в багажное отделение, они сразу же спустились в ресторан позавтракать.
Поднявшись после завтрака на палубу, они увидели, что французский берег почти исчез, зато впереди в ярком солнечном свете можно было различить холмы Англии - белые холмы Дувра1.
Как и многие другие пассажиры, Мэгги и Эдвард, облокотись на поручни, наблюдали, как приближался английский берег. Наконец, ни были в Дуврском порту. Сдав посадочные талоны, они ступили на причал; на таможне проверили их паспорта и отдали багаж. Пройдя через ворота, они оказались на платформе и через несколько минут уже сидели на своих забронированных местах в Лондонском поезде. Когда поезд прибыл к месту назначения, Эдвард собрался было взять такси, но Мэгги сказала, что лучше на метро - такова традиция. Оставив вещи в камере хранения, они поехали по ветке Дистрикт Лайн2,
notes:
Dover District Line
Grammar World
UNIT 125 To/at/in/into
A. We say go/come/travel (etc.) to a place or event. For example:
go to America, go to bed, take (somebody) to hospital, return to Italy, go to the bank, come to my house, drive to the airport, go to a concert, be sent to prison
* When are your friends returning to Italy? (not 'returning in Italy')
* After the accident three people were taken to hospital.
In the same way we say: on my way to./a journey to./a trip to. welcome to. etc.:
* Welcome to our country! (not 'welcome in')
Compare to (for movement) and in/at (for position):
* They are going to France. but They live in France.
* Can you come to the party? but I'll see you at the party.
B. Been to
We usually say 'I've been to a place':
* I've been to Italy four times but I've never been to Rome.
* Ann has never been to a football match in her life.
* Jack has got some money. He has just been to the bank.
C. Get and arrive
We say 'get to a place':
* What time did they get to London/get to work/get to the party?
But we say 'arrive in ...' or 'arrive at ...' (not 'arrive to').
We say 'arrive in a country or town/city':
* When did they arrive in Britain/arrive in London?
For other places (buildings etc.) or events, we say 'arrive at':
* What time did they arrive at the hotel/arrive at the party/arrive at work?
D. Home
We do not say 'to home'. We say go home/come home/get home/arrive home/on the way home etc. (no preposition):
* I'm tired. Let's go home. (not 'go to home')
* I met Caroline on my way home.
But we say 'be at home', 'stay at home', 'do something at home' etc.
E. into
'Go into ...', 'get into...' etc. = 'enter' (a room/a building/a car etc.):
* She got into the car and drove away.
* A bird flew into the kitchen through the window.
We sometimes use in (instead of into):
* Don't wait outside. Come in the house. (or Come into the house.)
Note that we say 'enter a building/enter a room' etc. (not 'enter into')
The opposite of into is out of:
* She got out of the car and went into a shop.
Note that we usually say 'get on/off a bus/a train/a plane':
* She got on the bus and I never saw her again.
EXERCISES 125.1 Put in to/at/in/into where necessary. If no preposition is necessary leave an empty space (-).
1. Three people were taken _to_ hospital after the accident.
2. I met Caroline on my way (-) home. (no preposition)
3. We left our luggage --- the station and went to find something to eat.
4. Shall we take a taxi--- the station or shall we walk?
5. I must go --- the bank today to change some money.
6. The river Rhine flows --- the North Sea.
7. I'm tired. As soon as I get --- home, I'm going bed.
8. 'Have you got your camera?' 'No, I left it --- home.'
9. Marcel is French. He has just returned --- France after two years --- Brazil.
10. Are you going --- Linda's party next week?
11. Carl was born --- Chicago but his family moved --- New York when he was three. He still lives --- New York.
12. Have you ever been --- China?
13. I had lost my key but I managed to climb --- the house through a window.
14. We got stuck in a traffic jam on our way --- the airport.
15. We had lunch --- the airport while we were waiting for our plane.
16. Welcome --- the hotel. We hope you enjoy your stay here.
17. What do you say to someone visiting your town or country? Welcome ---!
EX.2 Have you been to these places? If so, how many times? Choose three of the places and write a sentence using been to.
Athens Australia Ireland London Paris Rome Sweden the United States
1. (example answers) _I've never been to Australia./I've been to Australia three times._
2 ---.
3. ---.
4. ---.
125.3 Put in to/at/in where necessary. If no preposition is necessary leave an empty space (-).
1. What time does this train get _to_ London?
2. What time does this train arrive --- London?
3. What time did you get --- home last night?
4. What time do you usually arrive --- work in the morning?
5. When we got --- the cinema, there was a long queue outside.
6. I arrived --- home feeling very tired.
125.4 Write sentences using got into/out of/on/off.
1. You were walking home. A friend passed you in her car. She saw you, stopped and offered you a lift. She opened the door. What did you do? _I got into the car._
2. You were waiting for the bus. At last your bus came. The doors opened. What did you do then? I ---.
3. You drove home in your car. You arrived at your house and parked the car. What did you do then? ---.
4. You were travelling by train to Manchester. When the train got to Manchester, what did you do? ---.
5. You needed a taxi. After a few minutes a taxi stopped for you. You opened the door. What did you do then? ---.
6. You were travelling by air. At the end of your flight the plane landed at the airport and stopped. The doors were opened, you took your bag and stood up. What did you do then? ---.
Keys:
Ex.1
3 at 4 to 5 to 6 into
7 get home ... going to bed
8 at
9 to France ... in Brazil
10 to
12 to 13 into 14 to
15 at 16 to
17 Welcome to ...
Ex.2 Example answers:
2 I've been to Sweden once.
3 I've never been to the United States.
4 I've been to Paris a few times.
Ex.3
Ex.4
2 I got on the bus.
3 I got out of the car.
4 I got off the train.
5 I got into the taxi. or I got in The taxi
6 I got off the plane.
Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous
1. We use the Future Perfect (will have done) to talk about ' something that will be completed by (not later than).a certain time in the future.
When we use this structure, we think of a future time and look back from that future time to say that something will be : complete.
I’ll have finished dinner by 8.00.
•Til phone you at 11.00.” “No, I’ll have gone to bed by then. Can you phone earlier?”
I’ll have worked here for a year next September.
Next year is Ted and Amy’s 25th wedding anniversary. , They will have been married for 25 years.
We’re late. I expect the film will have already started by the time we get to the cinema.
2. The Future Perfect Continuous (will have been doing) describes a continuous action (very often one which is already in progress) which will finish by a certain point in the future:
In ten minutes we’ll have been waiting for this bus for exactly an hour!
Amer will have been studying English for ten months by the time he goes back to Syria in October.
К упражнениям
Listen to Janet’s conversation with her colleague, Phil. What advice does Phil give
her?
Script
Phil: Hey Janet, have you finished the report yet? Sarah was asking about it.
Janet: I'm afraid not. I'm about to go to Rome for a conference and I won't be able to finish the report before I go.
Phil: Oh. When do you think it will be ready?
Janet: The conference only lasts three days, so I'm not in Rome for long - just the weekend. Then I'll be working on the report all next week.
Phil: Can you do it before we have the departmental meeting at the end of the month?
Janet: Oh, I'll easily have finished it by next Friday. I’ve got it in my diary.
Phil: That’s great I’ll be seeing Sarah at lunch, so I'll tell her.
Janet Thanks.
Phil: Are you giving a talk at the conference?
Janet Yes, the same one I gave last month on plant diversity and environmental changes. By the end of the year I will have given the same talk at six conferences! Luckily it’s a different audience each time, but I'll soon be getting polite requests to do something different! The funny thing is I still get nervous every time before I give it
Phil: Oh come on, I don’t believe that.
Janet No, it’s true. I'll be feeling really nervous when I get to Rome. I won’t be able to relax until I'm actually giving my talk. Don’t you get nervous when you give talks at conferences?
Phil: Not really, although I always make sure I prepare well I always practise in front of a mirror. I look a bit of an idiot, but no one can see so I don’t mind. I'm giving a talk in London next month and by the time I give the talk I'll have rehearsed it at least ten times. Practising like that makes me feel confident - you should try it.
Janet: That’s a good idea. But even practice doesn’t seem to help me.
Phil: Well, good luck, I’ll be thinking of you in Rome. When are you leaving?
Janet: Well, I was going to leave this morning but they cancelled my flight, so Pm on the evening flight. Actually, I’d better get a move on, as the train to the airport leaves in 20 minutes.
Listen again and complete the sentences below. Write no more than three words for each answer.
1 Janet on the report all next week.
2 By the end of the year, Janet the same talk at six conferences.
3 When she gets to Rome, Janet very nervous.
4 Before he gives his talk in London, Phil it at least ten times.
5 Janet is in a hurry because the train to the airport in 20 minutes.
Look at the sentences used in Exercise 3 and answer these questions.
1 Which sentences talk about events that will be over before a time in the future?
2 Which sentences talk about events or situations in progress at a particular time in the future?
3 Which sentence talks about a scheduled event?
Phrasal Verbs
Crime doesn’t pay
Work in pairs. Read the comment below and then discuss how far you agree or disagree with it. Explain why.
‘Crime doesn’t pay because you always get caught in the end.’
Read the newspaper articles below and discuss them with your partner. Then try to work out the meaning of the multi-word verbs in italics.
THE STRAIGHT AND NARROW
The literary world was taken aback yesterday when the famous author, Arnold Swift, was found guilty of stealing copies of his latest novel from a bookshop. The magistrate said that he would let him off lightly with a £50 fine, but warned him that any further offences would result in a more serious punishment. The novel is called Keeping to the straight and narrow.
BOMB BLAST
A bomb went off in a central car park in the early hours of yesterday morning. Police sealed off several streets and carried out a detailed search of the area. It appears the bomb was intended for a busy shopping centre nearby.
BREAKDOWN IN LAW AMD ORDER
A police spokesman said yesterday that law and order is breaking down in some inner-city areas. He was speaking after a night in which two riots had broken out and several serious crimes had been reported. ‘At present, too many people think they can commit a crime and get away with it,’ he said‘
CAUGHT RED-HANDED
Yesterday, Gregory Brush,
24, was convicted of the attempted robbery of a paint factory in Leeds. It was reported that he fell into a large drum of red paint while trying to escape with the money. He was rescued by a night watchman and gave himself up when police arrived to arrest him. He owned up to the crime and pleaded guilty at his trial.
Match the multi-word verbs in A with the definitions in B.
Checking understanding
| A | B |
| 1 to give oneself up (to someone) 2 to own up (to doing something) 3 to take someone aback 4 to let someone off (with something) 5 to set something up 6 to carry something out 7 to go off 8 to seal something off 9 to break down 10 to break out |
a. to prevent people getting in or out of an area or building by closing all the entrances b. to surprise or shock someone with something contrary to expectation c. to explode, detonate, or ignite, to make a sudden loud noise d. to begin suddenly, usually in an unpleasant and violent way e. to admit or confess to a crime or to doing something wrong f. to fail, cease or collapse because of a problem or disagreement g. to establish something, to make the arrangements and preparation for something to start h. to punish someone lightly or not at all (informal) i. to allow oneself to be arrested or captured j. to perform or conduct something |
Listen to the sentences on the tape. Use the prompts you hear to make sentences with the same meaning.
Script
Tapescript 6
Listen to the sentences. Then say the sentences again, using the multi-word verb prompts. The first one has been done for you.
1 The police prevented anyone entering or leaving the area.
(seal off)
The police sealed off the area.
2 She established an organization to help young offenders, (set up)
She set up an organization to help young offenders.
3 He confessed to stealing the money.
(own up to)
He owned up to stealing the money.
4 His boss only gave him a warning.
(let off)
His boss let him off with a warning.
5 He let the police arrest him.
(give oneself up)
He gave himself up to the police.
6 They want to conduct a medical examination.
(carry out)
They want to carry out a medical examination.
7 The bomb exploded at four in the afternoon.
(go off)
The bomb went off at four in the afternoon.
8 After two years of peace, war suddenly began.
(break out)
After two years of peace, war broke out.
9 Negotiations between management and unions have collapsed.
(break down)
Negotiations between management and unions have broken down.
10 I was surprised by her change in attitude.
(take aback)
I was taken aback by her change in attitude.
Example
We were shocked and surprised by his rude reply, (take aback)
We were taken aback by his rude reply.
A recent survey, conducted by a national newspaper, shows that the traditional two-parent family is collapsing and is gradually being replaced by single-parent families.
Bank robbers, who managed to hide themselves in a time-lock safe in an attempt to steal £3 million, found they were unable to escape when their explosives failed to detonate. They did not resist arrest when security guards opened the safe two days later.
A woman whose 6-year-old daughter was killed by a drunk driver has complained that the judge only gave the man a six-month suspended sentence and a £250 fine. The Home Secretary has said he will be establishing a committee to look into the sentencing guidelines for such cases.
Jayne Wilson confessed to stealing £15,000 from the company where she worked, when she was caught red-handed by a security camera which recorded her placing the money in her briefcase. ‘I was shocked and surprised when I saw the recording,’ said the managing director. ‘I thought she was someone we could trust completely.’
Shortly after the match, fighting suddenly began among the supporters of two rival football teams. The police stopped people entering or leaving the town centre in an attempt to contain the violence.
Collocation
Which of the words can be used with the multi-word verbs? Up to three items may be correct.
10 The judge let him off with a. a warning.
j. a suspended sentence.
k. the death penalty.
l. a two-year prison sentence.
11 They have set up a. a business.
b. a birthday party.
c. an inquiry.
a research team.
3 They have carried out a. an experiment.
b. a committee.
c. an inquiry.
d. a test.
4
a. The alarm clock went off.
b. The fireworks
c. The gun
d. The telephone
5
a. A new film has broken out.
b. A flu epidemic
c. A fire
d. An argument
6
a. Peace talks have broken down.
b. The holidays
c. Negotiations
d. Community relations
Work with a partner. Discuss the following questions, using the multiword verbs from the box below.
let off give oneself up own up to break down break out go off take aback
1 What time does your alarm clock start ringing in the morning?
2 Your friend has been involved in a petty crime. It is probable the police will catch him. What would you advise him to do?
3 If you discovered something surprising or shocking about someone you have known for a long time, what would your reaction be ? Give an example.
4 What can cause riots to start suddenly?
5 Which of the following people would you punish lightly or not at all?
a. a poor woman caught stealing food from a supermarket
b. someone caught stealing small items from work
c. a student travelling on a bus without a ticket
d. a 13-year-old boy caught breaking into a parked car
6 Can you think of examples of people who have been punished lightly for crimes they committed? If so, what were they?
Idiomatic expressions
Work with a partner. Look at the expressions in italics and discuss what they mean. How would you express the same idea in your own language?
a. I caught him red-handed. When I entered the room I saw him taking the money from my purse.
b. He had kept to the straight and narrow all his life, so we were taken aback when we heard he had committed a serious crime.
c. It was a case of poetic justice. While the burglar was away on holiday someone broke into his house and stole everything.
d. The judge’s responsibility is to ensure that a suitable punishment is given. In other words, the punishment should fit the crime.
e. When the man was found not guilty of killing the children, the local people took the law into their own hands. They set fire to his house and forced him to leave the area.
5 Work in small groups. Discuss the questions below.
1 A man tries to steal some money from your bag. You catch him red- handed. What do you do?
2 How important is it that people in public life, such as politicians, keep to the straight and narrow in their private lives?
3 What is your reaction when you hear about a case of poetic justice?
4 Why is it so important that the punishment should fit the crime? What is the result if it doesn’t?
5 When, if ever, is it right to take the law into your own hands?
How multi-word verbs work
6 off
What is the general meaning of the particle off when used with the verbs below?
a. They let off some fireworks to celebrate.
b. Price increases sparked off violent protests.
c. The bomb went off without warning.
d. The assassination triggered off a civil war.
e. The bomb was set off by remote control from a safe distance.
What’S the answer? What is the difference between to set up an investigation, and to carry out
an investigation?
A set of traffic lights has been stolen from a road junction in Hampstead. A police spokesman said. ‘Some thieves will stop at nothing.’
A woman is to appear in court charged with murdering a man who had killed her husband and baby daughter in a drink-driving accident. The man had been allowed to go free, with a five-year driving ban and a fine of £250. The woman, shocked by the light punishment, went to the man’s house and, after an argument, shot him dead. She then went to the police and admitted killing him.
Work in pairs. Try to think of as many reasons as possible why the woman should be found guilty or not guilty of murder. Decide what you think the result of the trial should be. Then discuss your ideas with the rest of the group.
A riot was caused by a controversial judgement, in which an apparently guilty man was allowed to go free. Write a newspaper article with the following headline:
COURT CASE SPARKS OFF CITY RIOT
Cover the following points in the article, and use the multi-word verbs and expressions from the box below.
- the result of the court case
- why people were angry
- the shocked reaction of the authorities
- the sudden start of the riot
- how police tried to contain the riot
- the collapse of law and order
- cases of violence and looting
- the sounds of guns firing
- the need for an investigation into the riot
let off, break down, carry out, break out, take aback, go off, seal off, set up,
the punishment should fit the crime, to take the law into one’s own hands, to catch someone red-handed
Keys
Preparation
Crime doesn't pay = crime does not provide you with any real profit because you are usually caught and punished in the end.
Checking understanding
1 i. 2 e. 3 b. 4 h. 5 g. 6 j. 7 c. 8 a. 9 f. 10 d.
Practice
1
1 A recent survey, carried out by a national newspaper, shows that the traditional two-parent family is breaking down and is gradually being replaced by single-parent families.
2 Bank robbers who managed to hide themselves in a time-lock safe in an attempt to steal £3 million, found they were unable to escape when their explosives failed to go off. They gave themselves up when security guards opened the safe two days later.
3 A woman whose 6-year-old daughter was killed by a drunk driver has complained that the judge let the man off with a six-month suspended sentence and a £2 50 fine. The Home Secretary has said he will be setting up a committee to look into the sentencing guidelines for such cases.
4 Shortly after the match, fighting suddenly broke out among the supporters of two rival football teams.
The police sealed off the town centre in an attempt to contain the violence.
5 Jayne Wilson owned up to stealing £15,000 from the company where she worked, when she was caught red-handed by a security camera which recorded her placing the money in her briefcase. ‘I was taken aback when I saw the recording,' said the managing director. ‘I thought she was someone we could trust completely.’
Collocation
2
1 a. Correct b. Correct c. Wrong. This is the severest punishment possible, d. It depends on how serious the crime was. It is correct if the crime was very serious and the punishment is less than expected. It is wrong if the crime was not serious.
2 a. Correct
b. Wrong. You set up an organization or group of people to fulfil a task.
c. Correct
d. Correct
3 a. Correct
b. Wrong. A committee is something you set up or establish,
c. Correct
d. Correct
4 a. Correct
b. Correct
c. Correct
d. Wrong. A telephone cannot go off, i.e. ignite or detonate.
5 a. Wrong. A film is not something that starts suddenly and violently, like a war or a fire,
b. Correct c. Correct d. Correct
6 a. Correct
b. Wrong. This meaning of to break down is only used about the failure of relationships and communication between people,
c. Correct
d. Correct
3 Possible responses:
1 My alarm clock goes off at 6 a.m.
2 I would advise him to give himself up to the police and own up to the crime.
3 I would be taken aback. For example, if someone I thought was honest turned out to be a liar.
4 Injustice can cause riots to break out.
5 I would let off lightly the poor worn an and the student.
Idiomatic expressions
4 a. to catch someone red-handed = to discover someone in the act of doing something wrong
b. to keep to the straight and narrow path/way = to live in an honest way. in conformity to strict moral and religious principles, not getting involved with criminal or immoral activities (of Biblical origin)
c. poetic justice = when someone is rewarded or punished in a perfectly suitable way, especially when it happens by chance
d. the punishment should fit the crime = the punishment should be suitable for the crime, not too severe or too lenient
e. to take the law into your own hands = to punish someone yourself according to your own ideas of justice, usually using force and breaking the law
How multi-word verbs work
6 The particle off is used with these verbs to give the idea
of starting an explosive or violent reaction.
a. to let something off = to cause something to explode (e.g. bomb. gun. cannon)
b. to spark something off = to cause something violent to start (e.g. war, argument, debate, controversy, strike)
c. to go off = to explode, detonate, or ignite, to make a sudden loud noise (e.g. bomb, alarm)
d. to trigger something off = to cause something violent to start (e.g. war, fight, strike, debate, crisis)
e. to set something off = to cause something to explode (e.g. fireworks, explosives)
What’s the answer?
To set up an investigation is to establish or start an investigation. To carry out an investigation is actually to do the investigation itself.