Как образуется и при каких условия пассивный залог рассмотрим в данной теме.
√ Формирование пассивного предложения.
√ Passive voice.
√ Образование: Переходные и непереходные глаголы.
√ Какие глаголы имеют только одну пассивную форму.
√ Образование пассивного залога с глаголами за которыми следуют предлоги.
Формирование пассивного предложения
Пассивная форма образуется на основе времен активного залога, иначе говоря, пассивный залог работает по правилам активного залога, но имеет другую форму образования,
Например:
Активный залог Present Simple
• My father and brother destroy the old houses.
Passive voice.
• The old houses are destroyed
Предмет или объект, на которое направлено действие, становиться вначале предложение в пассивном залоге.
Агент, исполняющий действие, очень часто не упоминается. Когда он упоминается, то его помещают в конце предложения:
| Passive Voice | Примеры |
| active: Present simple I, We, You, They notice He, She, It notices | Miranda notices her brother that he is thinking of calling her mum. |
| passive: We, you, they+are+ V3/ed I+ am + V3/ed he, she, it + is + V3/ed (noticed) | He is noticed. He isn’t noticed. Is he noticed. |
| active: Past simple noticed | Miranda noticed her brother that he was calling her mum. |
| passive: We, you, they+were + V3/ed I, he, she, it + was + V3/ed (noticed) | He was noticed. He wasn’t noticed. Was he was noticed. |
| active: Present perfect has/have noticed | Miranda has noticed her brother that he is calling her mum. |
| passive: He, she, it + has been V3/ed I, we, you, they+have been V3/ed (noticed) | He has been noticed. He hasn’t been noticed. Has he been noticed? |
| active: Past perfect had noticed | Miranda had already noticed her brother that he was calling her mum. |
| passive: I, he, she, it, we, you, they+had been + V3/ed (noticed) | I had already been noticed. I hadn’t been noticed. Had I already been noticed? |
| active: Present continuous am/is/are noticing | Miranda is always noticing her brother that he is calling her mum. |
| passive: We, you, they + are + being V3/ed (noticed) he, she, it + is + being + V3/ed (noticed) I + am+ being + V3/ed (noticed) | He is always being noticed. He is not always being noticed. Is he always being noticed? |
| active: Past continuous were/was noticing | Miranda was always noticing me that I was calling my mum. |
| passive: I, he, she, it + was+ being + V3/ed (noticed) We, you, they + were + being (noticed). | I was always being noticed. I wasn’t always being noticed. Was I always being noticed? |
| active: Future simple will notice | I will tell Miranda that he is calling her mum. |
| passive: I, he, she, it, we, you, they + will be + V3/ed (noticed) | Miranda will be told. Miranda won’t be told. Will Miranda be told? |
| active: Future perfect will have noticed | By tomorrow I will have told Miranda that she is calling her mum. |
passive: I, he, she, it, we, you, they + will have been+ V3/ed (noticed) | By tomorrow Miranda will have been told. By tomorrow Miranda won’t have been told. Will Miranda have been told? |
Образование пассивного залога с глаголами за которыми следуют предлоги.
Мы можем образовать пассивную форму переходных глаголов двумя и тремя предлогами.
Сравните:
Victor and Marcus were talking Veronica's cousins into throwing the party. (= V + object + preposition) и
• Veronica's cousins are being talked throwing the party by Victor and Marcus.
• Veronica always gives over the whole bags of books Veronica's cousins from Romania. (= V + adverb + object +preposition)